1. 1 James Johnson September 15, 2004 University of Phoenix On-Line EDTC 560 Applications of Multimedia and Web Page Design Instructor: Eli Collins-Brown Understanding and Recognizing Terrorism

2. 2 The Threat of Terrorism The West-facing wall of the Pentagon Crash sight of Flight 93 World Trade Center During the September 11 th attacks

3. 3 Definitions of Terrorism Definitions: –State Statutes –Code of Federal Regulations (28 C.F.R. Section 0.85) –FBI

4. 4 Domestic Terrorism Group or individual based and operating entirely within the United States or its territories without foreign direction. Timothy McVeigh Alfred P. Murrah Building, 1995

5. 5 International Terrorism Occurs outside the United States or transcends national boundaries in terms of the means by which they are accomplished. Can include affecting the conduct of a government by assassination or kidnapping. World Trade Center 9/11/2001 Usama bin Laden

6. 6 Categories of Terrorist Related Activity Responder in Level A Using M256 Chemical Agent Detector Dynamite/Pipe Bomb Improvised Explosive Device

7. 7 Formal Terrorist Organizations Autonomous, transnational groups that have their own personnel, infrastructures, financial arrangements, and training facilities. Active Groups –Palestinian Hamas –Irish Republican Army –Egyptian El-Gama Al-Islamiyya (IG) –Lebanese Hizballah Hizballah

8. 8 State Sponsored Terrorism Terrorism is viewed as a tool of foreign policy. U.S. Department of State's List of State Sponsors of Terrorism –Primary Sponsors Iran – Pose greatest threat to the U.S. Iraq Sudan Libya –Other Countries Syria North Korea Cuba Libya’s Muammar Qaddafi, Iraq’s Saddam Hussein

9. 9 Cyber -Terrorism Definition: –The use of cyber tools to shut down critical national infrastructures for the purpose of coercing or intimidating a government or civilian population. –Theft of highly classified information from government agencies. –Interruption of electrical power. –Intrusions sponsored by foreign powers. –Defacing or hacking of web sites.

10. 10 Terrorist Acts in the U.S. From 1980-2001, the FBI recorded 349 incidents. –257 Domestic –92 International WTC 9/11 Impromptu Memorial U.S. Embassy in Kenya, 1998

11. 11 Example of a Recent Terrorist Attack in the U.S. July 6, 2002: A 41-year old Egyptian National killed two Israeli nationals and wounded four others at the El Al ticket counter in Los Angeles, California.

12. 12 Examples of Recent Incidents That Were Not Acts of Terrorism January 7, 2002: A 15-year old boy crashed a Cessna into a Tampa Office building October 2-14, 2002: The “Beltway Snipers” are credited with eleven separate shootings before their capture, terrorizing Washington D.C. and the surrounding area. Why were these acts not considered terrorism?

13. 13 Potential Targets Terrorists target critical facilities. Some critical facilities are centralized points with large numbers of people. These centers of gravity can also be where community functions are gathered at a single location, which could include: –Transportation hubs –Sporting and Special Events –Government Buildings –Utility Centers

14. 14 Activity: Targets of Terrorism in Your Community For this activity, participants need to form groups of three to five people from different disciplines. As a group, the participants should take 10-15 minutes to discuss and complete all of the following items. 1.List 5 potential targets of terrorism. 2.Briefly explain why these places are potential targets for terrorists. 3.Describe how terrorists might attack each of the five potential targets in your community.

15. 15 Summary Discussed the definitions, history, and threat of terrorism. Compared and contrasted domestic and international terrorism. Analyzed the community for potential targets of terrorism.

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