1. Reshaping the World Section 7.4

2. Today’s Agenda 7.4 Slide Show Homework Read Chapter 7.4 Make sure you have already read the rest of Chapter 7 (I can’t cover everything on the test) Unit Test Tuesday Study!!!

3. By the end of this lesson we will be able to: Explain Wilson’s Fourteen Points and compare the reaction of the European people to the document to Allied leaders. Analyze the outcomes of the Treaty of Versailles and their affect on Europe. Explain the League of Nations and analyze why it was ineffective.

4. The War to End all Wars? 191419161917191819191939 Archduke Ferdinand Assassinated Battle of Somme US Enters War Germany Surrenders: 11/11 at 11:11AM Treaty of Versailles Germany Invades Poland:W WII begins

5. When did the First World War end? 11/11/1918 at 11:11 AM Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated throne November 10 and fled to Holland Newly created Weimar Republic surrender to Allies

6. The War to End All Wars Ends

7. When someone “wins” a war, what should be their goal at the negotiating table (Peace Treaty)? Land Gains Financial Gains Security Prosecution of war criminals Punishment of Enemy

8. What impact can punishment have?

9. The time period immediately following a war is dangerous because it can often sow the seeds for the next war.

10. What was Wilson’s Fourteen Points? Wilson’s peace plan for post- war Europe Hoped to end all future wars Included: –freedom of the seas & trade –end to secret alliances –Arms reduction –self-determination –Border realignment of Austria-Hungary –End of colonial empire –League of Nations

11. Treaty of Versailles

12. What was the League of Nations? International body designed to mediate the problems of the world Would guarantee the security of every member bond between nations could end war Creel –60 leaflets dropped (Entente and Central territory) –Why?

13. What was the Bolshevik Revolution? Radical communist group that overthrew Russian democratic government –Led by Vladimir Lenin Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Nov. 1917) –Peace treaty between Germany & Soviet Union Based on Karl Marx’s ideology for gov –Predicted class war between working class (proletariat) and the capitalists (bourgeoisie) Lenin revealed secret agreements between allies for post-war spoils Early footage of Lenin inciting the crowdEarly footage of Lenin inciting the crowd

14. Bolshevik Revolution

15. How did the Allies react to the Fourteen Points? Masses of Europeans supported it British (David Lloyd George) – rejected freedom of seas, colonies France (Clemenceau) –believed that Germany should be punished

16. How did Wilson violate his own ideas in the Fourteen Points? Violated ‘self determination” –Supported the “White Army” who were fighting the Bolsheviks Results –Hypocrisy & Wilson’s own campaigning angered voters –Voted for Republican- controlled congress in election of 1918

17. Americans intervene in Russia

18. Big Four –France, GB, US, Italy Germany, Russia excluded Germany had to: –Pay reparations (war fines) 33 billion (War Guilt Clause) –Give Alsace/Lorraine back to France –Disarm it large army/navy GB/France retained colonies Poland recreated Italy denied Austrian territory Japan’s provision (racial equality) dropped in exchange for their dominance in Asia League of Nations adopted What was the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles?

19. Who were the Irreconcilables? Congressional leaders who totally rejected idea of joining League Anti-imperialists Some were Isolationists Disliked idea of defending European colonial possessions

20. Who were the Reservationists? Congressmen who supported the league but were concerned with Article X feared the League superseded the power of Congress to declared war Article X the League preserve “the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all members of the League.”

21. Who was Henry Cabot Lodge? Senator who led the opposition to the League resented Wilson’s aristocratic ways –the fact that Wilson would get credit for the League when Lodge had proposed a similar body on other occasions Motivated by anger and genuine misgivings

22. What was the outcome of the League debate? Wilson –refused to negotiate. –went directly to the people for support 9 thousand miles campaign –26 stops in 27 days –collapsed and had a stroke Senate –rejected the Treaty United States did not act on any of Wilson’s Fourteen Points

24. Europe 1919

25. Sowing the Seeds for WWII