1. Unit 6: Cold War Chapter 18 Essential Question: Explain how the Soviet Union and the US differing political ideologies led to numerous power struggles and proxy wars.

2. Origins of the Cold War Cold War(1945-1991)
The US and the United Soviet Socialist Republic (U.S.S.R ) emerge from WWII as two “Superpowers” with vastly different political and economic systems
Neither nation directly confronts the other in war

3. Origins of the Cold War Containment Policy Truman Doctrine
Truman created measures to prevent the spread of communist rule to other countries
Truman Doctrine
A U.S. policy created by Truman that provided economic and military aid to free nations (non-communist) threatened by internal or external opponents
Marshall Plan
a US plan created by Secretary of State George Marshall that provided aid to all European nations that needed it and to stop the Communist party from growing in Europe

4. Origins of the Cold War
The (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) NATO Alliance
Fear of the Soviets leads to NATO
Western European nations join with the US and Canada to form a defensive military alliance to stop Soviet aggression

5. The Cold War Heats Up Korean War
In 1950 North Korea invades South Korea and begins the Korean War
South Korea asks UN to stop the invasion
Settling for Stalemate
In 1953 a armistice (peace agreement) is signed between North and South Korea
The Korea Peninsula is divided along the 38th parallel line which established a demilitarized zone

6. The Cold War at Home Joseph McCarthy McCarthyism McCarthy’s Downfall
Joseph McCarthy was a Republican senator, who was an anti-communist activist and believed communist were taking over the government
McCarthyism
A practice by McCarthy that created unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty or being communist without providing evidence
McCarthy’s Downfall
In 1954, McCarthy wrongly accuses several members of the US Army of being communist on TV. He finally loses public support and the senate condemns him for improper conduct

7. Eisenhower and the Cold War
Eisenhower becomes the 34th president ( )
Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was a five-star general in the United States Army during WWII
He was the last to be born in the 19th century
Eisenhower Doctrine
A doctrine created by Eisenhower that stated the U.S. would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country
Warsaw Pact
A military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites; formed because West Germany was allowed to rearm and join NATO

8. Unit 6: Cold War Chapter 20 Essential Question: Explain how the Soviet Union and the US differing political ideologies led to conflict in Cuba.

9. Kennedy and the Cold War
Kennedy becomes the 35th president (1961 –1963)
John F. Kennedy defeated Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election
He was the first President to have been born in the 20th century, and the youngest elected to the office, at the age of 43. He was also the youngest to die
Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was charged with the crime but was shot and killed two days later by Jack Ruby before any trial.
Kennedy is the only Catholic, and the first Irish American, president

10. Kennedy and the Cold War
Foreign Policy in Latin America
During the Cold War the US intervened in Latin American affairs when the US self-interest were involved
The US tried to stop the spread of communism in Latin America countries

11. Origins of the Cold War Bay of Pigs
Revolutionary leader Fidel Castro overthrows the Cuban government and declares Cuba a communist country
Cuban exiles and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) plan to invade Cuba to overthrow Castro’s regime
Plans go wrong and the Cuban exiles are captured or killed
The result was a huge propaganda victory for Castro and a severe embarrassment for the administration of U.S. president John F. Kennedy

12. Origins of the Cold War Cuban Missile Crisis
In 1962 there was a major confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union over the presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba
Pres. John F. Kennedy placed a naval blockade around the island, and for 13 days the U.S. and the Soviet Union hovered on the brink of war
Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev finally agreed to remove the missiles in return for the U.S. to withdraw its own missiles from Turkey and to never invade Cuba
The incident increased tensions during the Cold War and fueled the nuclear arms race between the two countries

13. Unit 6: Cold War Chapter 22 Essential Question: What were the origins and consequences of the Vietnam war?

14. Vietnam War Johnson becomes the 36th president (1963 –1968)
Lyndon B. Johnson
succeeded to the presidency following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, completed Kennedy's term and was elected President in the 1964 Presidential election
Johnson was greatly supported by the Democratic Party and, as President, was responsible for designing the "Great Society" legislation that included:
laws that upheld civil rights, Public Broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, and his "War on Poverty."

15. Vietnam War Vietnam War(1954-1975)
The Vietnam War was the longest war in which the United States took part
Communist-ruled North Vietnam wanted to end U.S. support of the non-communist South Vietnam and to unite the north and south into a single nation
The United States and the South Vietnamese army tried to stop them

16. Vietnam War Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
A resolution adopted by congress in 1964, giving the president broad powers to wage war in Vietnam
American troops began to be increased to Vietnam

17. Vietnam War War Divides the Nation
Hawks favored sending greater forces to win the war
Doves strongly opposed the war and believed the US should withdraw from Vietnam

18. Vietnam War African-American in the Vietnam War
Many AAs leaders opposed the Vietnam War because a disproportionate of AAs served in ground combat
20% of American soldiers killed are African-Americans
African-Americans only made up 10% of US population
Defense Department corrects this problem by instituting the Draft Lottery in 1969
Racial tensions are high in many platoons and add to low troop morale

19. Vietnam War
1968
Johnson announces he will not run for reelection due to opposition of the war
On April 4, 1968 Martin Luther King Jr. is killed outside a motel in Memphis, Tennessee
Robert Kennedy began a campaign for the presidency and was a front-running candidate of the Democratic Party, but on June 6, 1968 he was fatally shot
10,000 protestors go to Chicago to protest the war in Vietnam; police beat them and a riot ensues
Richard Nixon wins the presidency

20. Vietnam War End of Vietnam War
On January 15, 1973, President Nixon announced the end of offensive operations against North Vietnam
January 27, 1973, he withdrawals the remaining American troops
On April 30, 1975, North Vietnam captures Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam
Vietnam becomes a communist country

21. Vietnam War Outcomes of the Vietnam War
Over 58,000 Americans die in the war
Returning veterans face indifference and hostility in US
US Government abolishes the military draft
Americans are more cautious about foreign affairs and they don’t trust the government
US learns that superior military technology does not guarantee victory