1. Opportunities for Sorghum use in the Poultry Industry Raleigh, 17 April, 2013

2. 2 Chromatin Overview – Focused on Sorghum 20+ million pounds of seed inventory produced and distributed annually Seed delivered to approximately 4 million acres each year Developing sorghum for traditional and renewable markets

3. 3 Crop Water Use L.R. Stone

4. Sorghum Drought Mechanisms Drought Tolerance 50% more stomata per in 2 of leaf than corn Stomata are smaller Smaller leaf:root ratio than other crops Extensive root system Stay-Green Traits Perfect flowers* Drought Avoidance Heavy wax layer (bloom) on leaves/stems Slow/hasten maturity under stress Motor cells at leaf midrib to facilitate leaf curling under stress

5. 5 Where is the yield tipping point? How do economics affect the tipping point? World vs U.S. cropping systems – How are we going to feed the world in the face of declining water supplies? – Chromatin is using this approach to target markets and product development Tipping Points for Yield and Economics Sorghum Corn Growing Season Water Supply No Water Stressed Rainfed Limited Irrigation Water Not Limiting

6. 6 Multi-year Studies in Kansas & Nebraska Yield comparisons, n = 202: – Corn and sorghum hybrid tests at same location, KS, NE – Cropping-system or rotations studies with both crops in same year in same rotation Production Costs and Returns: – 2012 Corn and Sorghum Cost-Return budgets, KSU, UNL – Localized costs and market prices used for each location

7. 7 Sorghum and Corn Yields

8. 8 Economic Comparison

9. 9 Sorghum/Corn Price Ratio: 100% Corn yields where Economic Tipping point = 132 bu/a

10. 10 Economic Comparison Sorghum/Corn Price Ratio: 93% 100% Corn yields where Economic Tipping Point = 110 132 bu/a

11. 11 Gains made by corn breeding Price Ratio = 100%, Years: 1991-2001 2002-2011 Corn yields (bu/a) where Economic Tipping point = 146 127 Benefit to corn breeding for drought tolerance

12. 12 Opportunities for Sorghum Corn Yield (bu/a)

13. 13 NC Coastal Plains CategorySorghumCornCotton Yield (bu/acre)120 770 Price per bu5.055.350.72 Seed154.32 Total Revenue 606.00642.00 708.72 Seed14.6696.6077.68 Fertilizer & Lime122.01164.51206.46 Herbicides33.08 42.93 Insect, Growth, & Desic.12.500.0042.20 Machine, Drying, Hauling84.11 157.78 Crop Ins.10.05 Labor18.04 14.37 Interest @ 5%6.36 11.15 Total 300.81412.75562.63 Return over Costs 305.19229.25146.09

14. 14 NC Corn Yields (NASS and NCSU)

15. 15 Coastal Plains Sorghum Testing Sites - 2012

16. 16 Chromatin Grain Sorghum Hybrid Performance - 2012 HybridS.C. D.C.S.C. EarlyN.C.Va. Tech% of Avg.N NK 782980125 - -761.0812 KS 7356611494740.9615 K 73-J677117- 1.045 NK 6638101112- 811.1512 SP 69297999- 710.9712 NK 763374102- 0.955 NK 54186591- 0.845 KS 5855689- 0.775 KS 3103459- 0.495 Location Mean 77109100731.00-

17. 17 Chromatin Hybrids for Coastal Plains Hybrid Maturity Days to Mid Bloom Height Grain Color Standability Drought Tolerance Emergence Leaf Disease Resist NK 7829M-F71-75Med-TallBronze232Ex K73-J6M-F71-75Med-TallBronze222Ex NK 6638M68-72MedBronze232EX SP 6929M-F70-74Med-TallBronze232Ex NK 5418M65-69Med-ShortBronze232EX KS 585M65-60MedBronze331Ex Full SeasonDouble Crop (include NK 6638) Keys to Successful Hybrids in this environment Med to Med-Full maturity to capture long growing season Excellent leaf disease resistance (MDMV, anthracnose, and Downey Mildew) Excellent emergence as no-till and strip till are used One or two hybrids with double crop potential For detailed hybrid information visit www.chromatininc.com/seed.html

18. 18 Sorghum in Poultry Feeding – United Sorghum Checkoff

19. 19 Chromatin Hybrid Compositional Data Hybrid- Location Crude Fat Crude Fiber ADFProteinStarchAshDigest Energy Metab Energy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - % DM - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - Mcal/lb - - - 12GS9001-CA4.143.296.3011.8070.561.611.811.69 12GS9001-TX4.291.965.3010.3070.931.441.831.72 12GS9002-CA4.193.164.5011.5071.551.271.831.71 12GS9002-TX4.092.456.0011.6071.321.361.811.70 12GS9010-SD4.322.684.5010.4073.001.161.841.73 12GS9010-TX4.171.586.1011.7072.651.241.821.70 12GS9013-SD4.631.596.6012.7070.081.281.821.70 12GS9013-TX4.032.766.0011.2073.011.531.811.70

20. 20 Feeding Sorghum Guides (www.sorghumcheckoff.com)