1. Chapter 10 Europe in the Middle Ages
Chapter 10, Sect 1: Peasants, Trade and Cities
Objectives : Understand the basic development of the Middle Ages and how it linked the Ancient World to the modern world. Identify developments leading to more advanced ways of farming through the Agricultural Revolution. Describe how trade, and the beginning of money economics offered new opportunities for people.

2. VOCABULARY Manor Scholasticism Serfs Vernacular Money Economy
Black Death
Commercial Capitalism
Anti-Semitism
Great Schism
Masterpiece
Lay Investiture
New Monarchies
Interdict
Taille
Sacraments
Heresy
Inquisition
Relics
Theology

3. New Agriculture
Europe’s population dramatically increased in the Middle Ages.
Political Stability
Increased food population
Why did food production go up?
Climate change
New technology
Carruca
Horse drawn plows
Crop rotation
Shift from a two field to three field.
Kept soil from being exhausted and allowed crops to grow faster.

4. The Manorial System Manors – agricultural estates run by a lord Serfs
Worked by peasants and serfs
Serfs
60% of Western European population
Lords had legal rights
Marriage
Travel
Working off of the manor
When debt was paid, permitted to leave

5. The Revival of Trade Gradual revival of trade.
Commerce had slowed during the uncertainly of the early Middle Ages
Cities begin to grow; become centers of trade
Venice/Mediterranean
Flanders/Northern Europe
Trade Fairs
Rise of Money Economy
Trading Companies
Banks
Increased interest in commercial capitalism

6. The Growth of Cities
Towns had greatly declined during the early Middle Ages.
Venice and Flanders emerged as major trading centers.
Resettlement by merchants, artisans, craftspeople – centers of commerce.
Bourgeoisie- name given to merchant and artisans in the cities
Many founded as trade and meeting centers outside castle walls.
Government
Most towns tied to land
1100, power in towns shifting for lord to people; people bought powers from lord
Males who were born in the city; elected Councilmen, judges, and other city lawmakers.
re-emergence of Patricians Class- wealthiest and most powerful families.

7. Life in Medieval Cities
Tight living conditions
Surrounded by stone walls
Narrow streets
Danger of fire
Pollution
Air
Water
Unsanitary
Public Baths
No waste removal
Woman supervised household, prepared meals, raise children, and managed the families finances
Women lead quite independent lives and many became brewer, weavers, and hatmakers

8. Industry and Guilds Craftspeople organized in guilds
Organizations for individual trades
Guilds regulated the production process
Standards
Prices
Methods of production
Joining procedure
Apprenticeship
Journeyman
Master

9.  THIS WILL BE ON THE TEST: Student will read pages 315 to 317 and name the factors that made agricultural explosion possible during the middle ages. Include political, economic, social, geographic, technological factors. Must Include 10 factors.  
New Agricultre .

10. Christianity and Medieval Civilization
Objectives : Understand the impact religion played on politics and government. Identify the three main “new” religious groups of the time.
Explain the inquisition and everyday life of medieval people
Chapter 10: Section 2

11. VOCABULARY Lay Investiture Interdict Sacraments Heresy Inquisition
Relics

12. The Papal Monarchy Church clergy were part of feudal order
Vassals to monarchy
Lay Investiture
Pope Gregory VII - Clergy were under the Pope, not kings
Pope Innocent III - Further reform through strengthening
Catholic Church at the height of its power
Believed the office of Pope was supreme in European affairs.
Used interdict to control monarchs

13. New Religious Orders Cisterian Order Convents
1098, first monasteries appeared, spread rapidly
Simple diet, no possessions, plain churches, simple lives
Brought faith to the public
Convents
Many women entered in Medieval Period
Convents were also attractive to artistic and intellectual women
Hildegard of Bingen, composer of Gregorian Chant

14. New Religious Orders (Con’t)
The Franciscans
Francis of Assisi (Italy)
Vows poverty, begging and working for food
Lived in the world, missionaries
The Dominicans
Dominic de Guzman (Spain)
Defend Church against heresy
Church scholars

15. 1. What did increase population led to ?
Bell QUIZ: STUDENTS WILL HAVE 10 MINS TO USE THEIR NOTES TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
1. What did increase population led to ?
2. Name one new technology that arose out of this time period.
3. Explain the crop rotation that manors practiced?
4. How much of the population did serfs make up?
5. What two cities flourished during the trade revival?
6. What three things did a Money economy lead to ?
7. Where did artisans, merchants ,and craftspeople begin to settle?
8. During the 1100, where did power begin to shift in cities?
9. Describe life in medieval cities.
10. What did guilds do?

16. The Inquisition Court established to deal with heretics
Spanish Inquisition – Torquemada
1400s, 2000 executions
If a person were tried for heresy, they would be punished until confession.
Execution for those that didn’t.
Attacks on Muslims, Jews, and gypsies.

17. Religion in Everyday Life
Spirituality was very important to the people of the Medieval period.
Participation in church services
Veneration of saints
Original followers of Jesus
Influential Christians who helped others
Relics
Pilgrimage to holy sites

18. Bull Dog Quiz: Students will have 10 mins to Answer the Following Questions
Read Page 314 in your book and answer the following questions.
What qualities make London such a “Happy” place to the author?
Why do you think the Author failed to mention London’s foul air, overcrowding, epidemics, and fires?
Examine the illustration at the top of the page, What features can you find that show London as a growing & busy city?

19. WARM UP
Why do think culture didn’t flourish until the very end of the Middle Ages?
VOCABULARY
Theology
Scholasticism
Vernacular

20. THE CULTURE OF THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES
Summarize the intellectual revival that led to the formation of Universities. Analyze how the middle ages new technical innovation led to the building of Gothic Cathedrals.
Chapter 10, Section 3

21. Universities Universitas – Corporation, or guild
Bologna, Italy
Law
University of Paris
Oxford University, England
1500 – 80 universities in Europe
Liberal Arts curriculum
Grammar Geometry
Astronomy - Music
Rhetoric - Logic
Arithmetic
Lecture, Oral Examination
Law, Medicine, Theology

22. Scholasticism & Literature
Reconcile faith and reason
Harmonize works of the ancient Greeks with Christian teachings
Studied the works of Aristotle
Thomas Aquinas, “Summa Theologica”
Vernacular literature
Poetry
Chanson de geste
“Song of Roland”

23. Art & Architecture Art Tapestry Illuminated Script
Religious or Historic
One – dimensional
Tapestry
Illuminated Script
Explosion of building
Churches
Early Christian
Romanesque
Gothic

24. Medieval Art

25. Illuminated Manuscripts

26. Gothic Architecture

27. Gothic Architecture

28. Bull Dog Quiz: Students will have 5 mins to Answer the Following Questions
How many people did the Plague kill?
Name the reasons people believed the Plague spread.
What were the stages of the Plague?
If you were affected with the Plague on average how long would you stay alive?
T/F: Doctors were readily available and effective.

29. The Late Middle Ages Chapter 10, Section 4
Summarize Europe in the fourteenth century, and the challenges of an overwhelming number of disastrous forces. Explain how European rulers reestablished the centralized monarchial governments.

31. Instability of the Late Middle Ages
The Decline of the Church
Economic Crisis
War
Political Changes
Plague

32. Monarchs Question the Rule of the Pope
Pope Boniface VIII and King Phillip IV of France had a quarrel over clergy taxation.
After Boniface’s Death, Phillip orchestrates the election of a French pope and moves the papacy to Avignon.
The Great Schism

33. The Avignon Papacy
From , the Popes resided in France in decadence and luxury.
Angered the Romans
Finally, Pope Gregory XI returns to Rome.
After his death, the Cardinals elect a new Italian Pope.

34. The Great Schism
The French clergy did not accept this; they elected their own Pope.
From 1378 – 1417, two Popes sit, one in Avignon, one in Rome.
Council of Constance (1417) – dispose of both sitting popes and elect a new one, who returns to the Vatican.
Church power significantly weakened.

35. The Hundred Years War; 1337-1453
Edward III of England and Duke of Gascony, was a vassal to French king Phillip VI.
Phillip tries to take back Gascony: war break outs; 1337

36. Major Battles of the HYW
Crecy – 1346
Close English victory
English longbow
Agincourt – 1415
Overwhelming English victory
England gains control of Northern France
Orleans -1429
Joan of Arc
French armies gain control of Orleans
War ends in 1453, French regain all of their territory

37. Political Changes Re-centralization of power; the “new” monarchies
Re-emergence of France
National taille
England – War of the Roses
Establishment of the Tudor Dynasty
Spain – Ferdinand and Isabella
Religious Intolerance
1492- Expulsion of the Jews
1502 – Expulsion of Muslims

38. BLACK DEATH The Bubonic Plague in Europe
Objectives: Understand the causes, symptoms, and end of the bubonic plague. Describe the plague in complete detail.

39. What was The Plague? Black Death –three plagues
Bubonic
Pnuemonic
Septascopic
Appeared in Europe around 1347
Killed approximately 38 million people
Anyone; rural or urban, rich or poor, men or women, young or old.

40. What Caused the Plague? Yersinia pestis - bacteria Carried by fleas
Infected rats carried the disease infected fleas from Asia to Europe via merchant ships

41. What did Plague era people believe caused the plague?
Punishment from God
Foreigners
Bad Air
Alignment of the planets
Non-Christians

42. Stages of the Plague Fever and pain
Tired and weak; but difficulty sleeping
Body temperature increases
Feeling of giddiness, delirium, dazed expression
Swollen glands in groin, armpit, or neck (buboes)

43. Stages of the Plague
Bleeding under the skin causes blue-black blotches
Red rash with small red spots appears on buboes
Death

44. Stages of the Plague
A person inflicted with Plague may die within 4 to 7 Days of first showing of symptoms
Plague had a 50-70% mortality rate.
If you did survive it, it was by luck.

45. How was the Plague treated?
“The swelling should be softened with figs and cooked onions mixed with yeast and butter. When they are open they should be treated with the cure for ulcers. Towards the end of the plague I developed a fever with a swelling in the groin. I was ill near on six weeks. When the swelling had ripened and had been treated in the way I prescribed [cutting open the boils and burning them with a hot iron], I escaped, by God’s good grace.”
-Guy de Chauliac, surgeon

46. How was the Plague treated?
Unless you were extremely wealthy and could afford a physician, medical attention was usually unavailable. When it was, it was widely ineffective.

47. The Doctor’s Suit

48. How To Avoid the Plague
Avoid breathing the same air as a plague victim.
Sit next to a blazing hot fire.
Live in a house sheltered from the wind and keep all windows closed.
Live a separate life, eat and drink in moderation, and see no one.
Run away to the country: leave everyone behind.

49. How To Avoid the Plague Attack foreigners Eliminate non-believers
Go on a pilgrimage.
Punish yourself: join the flagellants.
Go to church, and ask for forgiveness.

50. How To Avoid the Plague
Remove filth and human excrement from the streets.
Carry flowers.
Avoid eating poultry, waterfowl, pork, old beef, fish, or anything prepared with olive oil.
Do not sleep during the day.
Don’t exercise TOO much.
Don’t walk in the rain!

51. How To Avoid the Plague Don’t bathe. Sing happy songs.
Visit gardens often.
THINK HAPPY THOUGHTS!

52. What happened to the Plague?
As quickly as it ravaged Europe, the Plague dissolved.
Miraculously, some places avoided it: it is not known to this day why.
Bubonic plague continues to afflict the world in isolated cases.
Today it is easily treated with antibiotics.
There are cases of Bubonic plague reported in the United States annually.