1. iAcademy Plagiarism and Academic Referencing Academic English for Undergraduate Study Lecture 14 How to effectively (and legally) demonstrate your understanding and knowledge of what you have read. This lecture and its associated materials have been produced by Mr. Kelvin Ng (MBA, Cambridge) of iAcademy for the purposes of lecturing on the above described subject and the material should be viewed in this context. The work does not constitute professional advice and no warranties are made regarding the information presented. The Author and iAcademy do not accept any liability for the consequences of any action taken as a result of the work or any recommendations made or inferred. Permission to use any of these materials must be first granted by iAcademy.

2. iAcademy Agenda Review of Lecture 13 Week 14 Lecture Coverage – Academic Misconduct (Cheating, Collusion and Plagiarism) – Examples of Plagiarism and how to avoid it – Introduction to Academic Referencing – Harvard Referencing System – Citations and References for various academic resources

3. iAcademy Review of Lecture 13 Correct the run-ons or comma splices using an appropriate conjunction: – (after) The players looked depressed the team lost the game. – (if) You need to make a call you can borrow my cellphone. – (while) It was still raining, a beautiful rainbow appeared in the west. – We decided to leave the restaurant, we had already waited for 45 minutes.

4. iAcademy Review of Lecture 13 Correct the run-ons or comma splices using an appropriate conjunction: – The players looked depressed after the team lost the game. – If you need to make a call, you can borrow my cellphone. – While it was still raining, a beautiful rainbow appeared in the west. – We decided to leave the restaurant as we had already waited for 45 minutes.

5. iAcademy Review of Lecture 13 What are some key differences between personal writing and academic writing? What are some useful online tools for academic research? Why is it that we cannot quote or cite directly from Wikipedia articles? How should we use Wikipedia for academic research? What is Google Scholar and how can we use it for academic research?

6. iAcademy Any Questions?

7. iAcademy Let’s get started with Lecture 14 Plagiarism and Academic Referencing

8. iAcademy In what situation can the university withdraw or cancel your degree in the future? Question

9. iAcademy When you commit serious academic misconduct: Cheating, Collusion or Plagiarism. Answer

10. iAcademy Academic Misconduct Consists of Cheating, Collusion and Plagiarism. 1) Cheating – Receiving any form of unfair advantage to any form of academic assessments. – E.g. Bringing unauthorized materials into an examination hall – E.g. Illegally obtaining knowledge of the questions or answers to an examination beforehand. – Play Video College Cheating Story Student Caught Using 10-Meter Long Cheat Sheet in Exam

11. iAcademy Academic Misconduct Consists of Cheating, Collusion and Plagiarism. 2) Collusion – Collaborating illegally with others in individual based academic assessments. (aka copying from one another) – Note: Academic misconduct happens everywhere, even at one of the top universities in the world. – Play Video STARTING POINT_ Harvard Rocked By Take Home Test Cheating Scandal

12. iAcademy Academic Misconduct Consists of Cheating, Collusion and Plagiarism. 3) Plagiarism – Trying to pass off others work as your own. – E.g. You use the exact text from elsewhere without quotation marks and proper acknowledgement. – E.g. You copy someone else’s words or ideas but try to hide it by changing some words or paraphrasing what you copied. – Play Video 10 Types of Plagiarism

13. iAcademy Is the most dangerous because students may not understand or even know that they are doing it! Plagiarism

14. iAcademy In this lecture, we will explain more about Plagiarism and how to avoid it. Plagiarism

15. iAcademy Let’s see some recent high profile cases of Plagiarism. Plagiarism

16. iAcademy Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17586128 Plagiarism

17. iAcademy Source: http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/17/us-germany-minister-plagiarism-idUSTRE71G6C720110217 Plagiarism

18. iAcademy Plagiarism Play Videos. – Hungarian President Quits In Plagiarism Row – German minister's PHD revoked due to plagiarism – German Defense Minister Resigns Over Plagiarism Row

19. iAcademy Plagiarism Not only did the Pal Schmitt lose his doctoral degree, he also lost his job as Hungarian President and was shamed by the media throughout the world. Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg was the former German defence minister and heir-apparent to Chancellor Angela Merkel, but resigned on March 1, 2011 after admitting to plagiarizing parts of his legal doctorate. Universität Bayreuth revoked his degree, citing "serious errors" in his paper.

20. iAcademy If universities can take away the degrees of a president and a defense minister, they can also take away your degree… years later, if you commit plagiarism.

21. iAcademy Plagiarism The Plagiarism Problem is everywhere and affects many countries. Play Videos. – The Problem With Plagiarism in South Korea – Flood of Pseudo-PhDs Found Among Chinese Officials But… Ignorance is not an excuse! Stealing other people’s ideas is wrong and will not be tolerated!

22. iAcademy Let’s see a high profile example of Plagiarism. Plagiarism

23. iAcademy Case: “Harvard Plagiarism Novel” Kaavya Viswanathan was a American- Indian Harvard undergraduate and a “high flyer”, the daughter of 2 top US doctors. She was offered a multiple-book deal worth USD 500,000 when she was still in high school and published a book while she was a 2 nd year student at Harvard. Upon publication in 2006, the book entered the US “Bestsellers List” within weeks and a movie deal was being considered.

24. iAcademy Case: “Harvard Plagiarism Novel” Everything was going well for Kaavya Viswanathan. Then, something happened…

25. iAcademy Case: “Harvard Plagiarism Novel” The Harvard Crimson, the daily newspaper of Harvard College, published an astonishing article alleging that Kaavya’s work was guilty of plagiarism. Kaavya’s 2006 book contained paragraphs that were similar to a 2001 book by another author, Megan McCafferty.

26. iAcademy Case: “Harvard Plagiarism Novel” Here’s some comparisons: See: http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/4/23/examples-of-similar-passages-between-viswanathans/

27. iAcademy Case: “Harvard Plagiarism Novel” Here’s some comparisons: See: http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/4/23/examples-of-similar-passages-between-viswanathans/

28. iAcademy Case: “Harvard Plagiarism Novel” Here’s some comparisons: See: http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2006/4/23/examples-of-similar-passages-between-viswanathans/

29. iAcademy This was what happened next… Plagiarism

30. iAcademy Case: “Harvard Plagiarism Novel”

31. iAcademy Case: “Harvard Plagiarism Novel”

32. iAcademy Case: “Harvard Plagiarism Novel”

33. iAcademy Case: “Harvard Plagiarism Novel” How Kaavya Viswanathan got rich, got caught, and got ruined. Play Video. – Plagiarism

34. iAcademy Why Do People Plagiarise? Don’t want to look stupid – If you get caught (and you probably will), you will look much more stupid. Plain lazy – The lazier you are, the easier for us to catch you. Lack of time – The less time you spend covering up your “misdeeds”, the faster and easier for us to catch you. Lack of confidence Plagiarizing other people’s work is not going to help you build confidence. Hard work can. Lack of knowledge Plagiarizing other people’s work is not going to help you learn more about the subject. Hard work can.

35. iAcademy Plagiarism Statistics 80% of college students admit to cheating at least once. - Center for Academic Integrity 90% of students believe that cheaters are either never caught or have never been appropriately disciplined. - US News and World Reports 54% of students admitted to plagiarizing from the internet; 74% of students admitted that at least once during the past school year they had engaged in "serious" cheating; and 47% of students believe their teachers sometimes choose to ignore students who are cheating. - Education Week http://www.plagiarism.org/plag_facts.html

36. iAcademy It is very easy to spot Plagiarism Your assessments and examination scripts are marked and checked more than once by experienced lecturers. If you have copied anything directly from online sources or books, it is very simple for us to verify if you have plagiarized or not because of advances in technology.

37. iAcademy The University and iAcademy takes Plagiarism seriously.

38. iAcademy In most cases, a plagiarized work would received 0 marks and an automatic fail. In serious cases, the responsible student may be asked to leave the College and the University.

39. iAcademy If you did not work hard for an assignment, you may get a poor mark or you may fail. If you plagiarize an assignment, you will get caught, you will fail, you may get expelled and no one is going to feel sad or help you.

40. iAcademy How to avoid Plagiarism There are 2 ways to avoid Plagiarism 1) Be Original 2) Apply Academic Referencing correctly – Use “Quotations” if you are directly copying text. – Paraphrase if you are not directly copying text (Use the paraphrasing skills you learnt previously). – Cite the source in the text and in the References/Bibliography section using an accepted referencing standard. E.g. Harvard Referencing System.

41. iAcademy Why should we use other people’s ideas or words? Why can’t we just use our own ideas and words in academic writing? Question

42. iAcademy You can use your own ideas and words, but who is going to believe you? Who would you trust more, ideas and words on a topic from an internationally recognized professor or an undergraduate student? Answer

43. iAcademy Because other people are much more knowledgeable than you in a particular field, if you show that you know their work, then you are showing that you know your work! Answer

44. iAcademy Example of Credibility Which statement would you trust more? 1)I have tried my best to find research about E- Commerce in Nepal, but after 1 year of research, I still cannot find any. Therefore, my solution will be the first of such a system in Nepal. 2)According to research done by Shrestha (Shrestha, 2010) and reports by Kantipur (eKantipur.com, 2011) and the British Council (BC, 2012), there are no viable and comprehensive E-Commerce systems in Nepal. Therefore, my solution will be the first of its kind in Nepal.

45. iAcademy Any Questions?

46. iAcademy Academic Referencing

47. iAcademy Academic Referencing An internationally accepted referencing system is the Harvard Referencing system. In writing academic reports, referencing allows you to: – 1) Avoid Plagiarism. – 2) Establish credibility and trust in your work by referring to established facts, knowledge and ideas from authoritative sources. – 3) Demonstrate that you are well read and understand the subject matter

48. iAcademy Most academic reports award you marks for proper and correct referencing. Tip: This is an easy and simple way to get high marks in any academic report.

49. iAcademy What should you reference? Any original knowledge or idea of someone else that has been conveyed through the use of words, pictures, tables, charts, diagrams, sound, videos… etc. Most commonly, you will likely reference knowledge and ideas from 4 sources. – 1) Books – 2) Journals – 3) e-Journals – 4) Webpages (Includes news websites)

50. iAcademy Harvard Reference System Each reference made in an academic report has 2 parts, both referring to the same source. Part 1) Citing – Parenthetical referencing in text using the "author- date system”. Part 2) Reference / Bibliography Section – Section of an academic report that lists all the references used in the report, in detail.

51. iAcademy Harvard Reference System Lets see how it works. Play Videos. – Short Guide to Harvard Referencing – A guide to Harvard Referencing Now that you have seen how Harvard referencing works, let see some examples of how to cite and how to construct the detailed references in the references / bibliography section.

52. iAcademy Examples of Quotes (1 Author) When organising our time, Adair (1988: 51) states that ‘the centrepiece will tend to be goals and objectives’. When organising our time ‘the centrepiece will tend to be goals and objectives’ (Adair, 1988: 51). Or When organising our time ‘the centrepiece will tend to be goals and objectives’ (Adair, 1988). Or

53. iAcademy Examples of Quotes (2 Authors) McCarthy and Hatcher (1996: 69-70) insist that with presentations ‘structure must be clear and precise’. With presentations, ‘structure must be clear and precise’ (McCarthy and Hatcher, 1996: 69-70). Or With presentations, ‘structure must be clear and precise’ (McCarthy and Hatcher, 1996). Or

54. iAcademy Examples of Quotes (3 Authors) Fisher, Ury and Patton (1991: 37) suggest that when emotional issues cloud negotiation, ‘some thoughts are best left unsaid’. ‘Some thoughts are best left unsaid’ when emotional issues cloud negotiation (Fisher, Ury and Patton, 1991: 37). Or ‘Some thoughts are best left unsaid’ when emotional issues cloud negotiation (Fisher, Ury and Patton, 1991). Or

55. iAcademy Examples of Quotes (>3 Authors) What is 10 people wrote the book? ‘et al’ means ‘and others’ Morris et al (2000: 47) state that ‘the debate of these particular issues should be left to representative committees’. Morris et al (2000) state that ‘the debate of these particular issues should be left to representative committees’. Or

56. iAcademy What if the Author wrote 2 books? English is the international language for business and commerce; students who are fluent in English will find it easier to secure jobs in top international cities such as London. (Ng, 2012a) The success of a company often lies not with the business idea itself, but the quality of its leaders. (Ng, 2012b) And

57. iAcademy What if there is no Author? Example of sources that may not have an author: – Newspaper articles with no reporter – Information from a Website with no author – Certain Books e.g. Encyclopaedias, Dictionaries Format to use: – ( Source, Year) – (Source – ‘Title of Article’, Year) Example: The Guardian reported that twenty-nine inmates were participating in the programme (The Guardian - ‘Serving time’, 1996).

58. iAcademy Examples of Paraphrasing Quote: The DfEE (2001) suggest that each year ‘some have estimated the cost to the country of poor literacy and numeracy skills to be as high as £10 billion’. Paraphrase: The effect of low levels of adult numeracy and literacy skills could be costing Britain around £10 billion each year (DfEE, 2001). Or

59. iAcademy Any Questions?

60. iAcademy Creating the References section All in-text citations must have a corresponding reference that can be found in the References or Bibliography section of any academic report. The References or Bibliography section is found at the end of any academic report. The references are to be sorted in alphabetical order, according to the Surname of the first author.

61. iAcademy Harvard Reference System Information you need for a BOOK – Author’s or editor’s name (or names) – Year the book was published – Title of the book – If it is an edition other than the first – City the book was published in – Name of the publisher Play Video – Harvard Referencing a Book

62. iAcademy Examples of Books Format: Surname, Initials. (year),, : Publisher. Example (1 Author): Adair, J. (1988) Effective time management: How to save time and spend it wisely, London: Pan Books. Example (2 Authors): McCarthy, P. and Hatcher, C. (1996) Speaking persuasively: Making the most of your presentations, Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

63. iAcademy Examples of Books Format: Surname, Initials. (year),, : Publisher. Example (3 Authors): Fisher, R., Ury, W. and Patton, B. (1991) Getting to yes: Negotiating an agreement without giving in, 2nd edition, London: Century Business.

64. iAcademy Examples of Books Format: Surname, Initials. (year),, : Publisher. Example (Same Author in the same year): Napier, A. (1993a) Fatal storm, Sydney: Allen and Unwin. Napier, A. (1993b) Survival at sea, Sydney: Allen and Unwin.

65. iAcademy Examples of Books Format: Surname, Initials. (year),, : Publisher. Example (Author used an editor): Danaher, P. (ed.) (1998) Beyond the Ferris wheel, Rockhampton: CQU Press.

66. iAcademy Examples of Books Format: Surname, Initials. (year),, : Publisher. Example (No Author): The University Encyclopedia (1985) London: Roydon.

67. iAcademy Harvard Reference System Information you need for a JOURNAL – Author’s name or names (for that article) – Month and Year the journal was published – Title of the journal – Title of the article – Page number/s of the article in the journal – Volume and issue numbers Play Videos – Harvard Referencing a Journal Article – Harvard Referencing an Electronic Journal A Journal can contain many articles

68. iAcademy Examples of Journals Format (Physical Journal): Surname, Initials. (year),,,. Example: Muller, V. (1994) ‘Trapped in the body: Transsexualism, the law, sexual identity’, The Australian Feminist Law Journal, vol. 3 (2), August, pp. 103-107.

69. iAcademy Examples of Journals Format (Electronic Journal): Surname, Initials. (year),,,,,. Example: Skargren, E.I. and Oberg, B. (1998) ‘Predictive factors for 1-year outcome of lowback and neck pain in patients treated in primary care: Comparison between the treatment strategies chiropractic and physiotherapy’, Pain [Electronic], vol. 77 (2), pp. 201-208, Available: Elsevier/ScienceDirect/ O304-3959(98)00101-8, [8 Feb 1999].

70. iAcademy Harvard Reference System Information you need for Webpages – Author’s name or names (for that article) – Year in which the article was published – Title of the website – Title of the article – Date you accessed the source – Electronic address (URL) – Type of electronic resource (email, discussion forum, WWW page, etc) Play Videos – Harvard Referencing a Web Page

71. iAcademy Examples of WebPages Format: Surname, Initials. (year),,,. Example: Young, C. (2001) English Heritage position statement on the Valletta Convention, FreeUK [Online], Available: http://www.archaeol.freeuk.com/EHPostionStatement. htm [24 Aug 2001]

72. iAcademy Any Questions?

73. iAcademy Summary: Week 14 Lecture Academic Misconduct is and how serious such offences are. Play Video. – Plagiarism - A Film by Murdoch University Dubai Harvard Referencing System and its elements – Citing and Referencing Harvard Referencing Formats for commonly used academic resources: – Books – Journals, e-Journals – Webpages

74. iAcademy What to Expect: Week 14 Tutorial Students will be provided with the following guides and will go through the details and examples in these guides: – University of Wolverhampton - Academic Misconduct – University of Wolverhampton – Harvard Referencing Students have to complete an activity worksheet in which they will be required to use the Harvard reference system.

75. iAcademy