1. Energy, Heat and Heat Transfer
Earth Science Intro Unit

2. I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy.
What is Energy?
Energy
Is the ability to cause change
Many forms of energy
Two general forms of energy are
Kinetic energy
Potential energy

3. What is Potential Energy?
I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy.
What is Potential Energy?
Potential Energy
Energy an object has due to its position and condition.

4. What is Potential Energy?
I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy.
What is Potential Energy?
Potential Energy
Examples:
A ball held above the ground has potential energy because the force of gravity can pull it down.
Stretching a rubber band increases its potential energy because of its condition.

5. I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy.
What is Kinetic Energy?
Kinetic Energy
Is the energy of an object that is due to motion
All moving objects have kinetic energy
All particles in matter are in constant motion
The faster the particles move the more kinetic energy they have

6. I will be able to describe Energy and the two types of energy.
What is Kinetic Energy?
Kinetic Energy
Depends on mass and speed.
Increases as mass increases
Increases as speed increases

7. How do particles move? Solids Liquids Gas
I will be able to describe how particles of matter move in each state of matter.
How do particles move?
Solids
Held tightly together
Vibrate in place
Liquids
Move more freely
Slide/tumble over each other.
Gas
Particles far apart.
Move at high speeds
Collisions occur.

8. How does temperature relate to kinetic energy?
I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.
How does temperature relate to kinetic energy?
Temperature
Measure of the average kinetic energy of all particles.
Absolute Zero
Temperature at which the motion of particles stop.
Not possible to reach it (at this time).

9. How does temperature relate to kinetic energy?
I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.
How does temperature relate to kinetic energy?
Temperature
Cooler Liquids
Move Slower
Lower Temperature
Warmer Liquids
Move faster
Higher Temperature
Example: Hot Iron
Particles in the solid are vibrating very fast.
Has a high average kinetic energy.

10. How is Temperature Measured?
I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.
How is Temperature Measured?
Thermometer
An instrument used to measure temperature.
Units:
Celsius (˚C)
Fahrenheit (˚F)
Kelvin

11. What are the Temperature Scales??
I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.
What are the Temperature Scales??
Most commonly used
Water Boils
Body Temp
Room Temp
Water Freezes
Used mostly in the US
Used in physics
Kelvin not degrees
Lowest temp = absolute zero

12. What is Thermal Energy? Thermal Energy
I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.
What is Thermal Energy?
Thermal Energy
Total kinetic energy of all particles in a substance.
SI System Unit
J (joules)

13. How is Thermal Energy different from Temperature?
I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.
How is Thermal Energy different from Temperature?
Difference?
Temperature = average kinetic energy.
Thermal Energy = total energy
Example:
A lake and glass of water can have the same temperature.
A lake has more molecules so it has more thermal energy.

14. Hot to Cold How is Heat? Heat
I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.
How is Heat?
Heat
Is the energy transferred from an object of a higher temperature to an object of a lower temperature.
Always flows from hot to cold.
More energy to less
Three ways it is transferred
Hot to Cold

15. How is heat related to thermal energy?
I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.
How is heat related to thermal energy?
Heat / Thermal Energy
Heat is the energy involved when properties change.
Temperature and thermal energy are properties of a substance.
Adding or removing heat which affect its:
Temperature
Thermal Energy

16. How can heat affect the state of an matter?
I will be able to define and describe temperature, thermal energy and heat.
How can heat affect the state of an matter?
Heat / State of Matter
State of a substance depends on the speed of the particles.
Adding / removing heat can result in a change of state.
Example:
Adding heat to ice cube changes it from a solid to a liquid

17. How can heat be transferred?
I will be able to compare and contrast the three types of energy transfers.
How can heat be transferred?
Energy Transfer Stations
Station 1
Station 2
Station 3

18. How can heat be transferred?
I will be able to compare and contrast the three types of energy transfers.
How can heat be transferred?
Radiation
Transfer of energy as heat by electromagnetic waves.
Ex: Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves visible light, ultraviolet waves.
Can travel through empty space.
Cannot see it, but feel it as heat (infrared)
Sunlight
Open Fire
Living things

19. How can heat be transferred?
I will be able to compare and contrast the three types of energy transfers.
How can heat be transferred?
Conduction
Transfer of energy as heat by direct contact.
Occurs when objects of different temperatures come in contact.
Particles bump into each other transferring their energy.
Continues until the temperatures are equal.
Can occur with a single object.
Energy is transferred from the warmer part to the cooler part.

20. How can heat be transferred?
I will be able to compare and contrast the three types of energy transfers.
How can heat be transferred?
Convection
Transfer of energy as heat by the movement of a liquid or gas.
In most substances, as temperature increases, density decreases.
Convection occurs when a cooler (denser) fluid (liquid or gas) replaces a warmer (less dense) mass of a fluid.
Creates a convection current.

21. How a Convection Current Works?
I will be able to explain how convection transfers heat energy.
How a Convection Current Works?
Warmer Fluids
Particles move faster.
Particles spread out increasing volume
Density becomes less dense, and fluid rises.
Cooler fluids
Particles move slower
Particles come together, decreasing volume.
Density increases, fluid sinks.