1. Ore Deposits in Europe http://www.gl.rhbnc.ac.uk/geode/dbase.html

3. Lunar et al., 2002, Economic and Environmental Geology, in The Geology of Spain, eds., Gibbons,W., and Moreno, T.: Geol. Soc. London

5. Metallic deposits - Lunar et al., 2002

6. Industrial Minerals - Lunar et al., 2002

8. Madrid Granada Malaga Cadiz Huelva Aracena Almaden

9. Lunar et al., 2002

10. Iberian Pyrite Belt - Barrie et al., Mineralium Deposita, 2002

11. Iberian Pyrite belt, Portugal & Spain 80 volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits in 70 x 250 km area More than 1300 Million tonnes pyrite-rich ore Mining for 4000 years Rio Tinto deposit –Largest concentration of massive sulfide on Earth - 500 Mt mass sul, plus 2000Mt low grade stockwork Cu (0.15%) –First mining (Ag, Au) 7-6 century BC - to 3-1 century BC –Roman period until 5thC BC - important mining center SW Europe –17-19thC AD - some irregular mining –1873 - English Rio Tinto Company - Cu, pyrite for acid –1970 - Cu, plus Ag, Au from gossans Barrie et al., 2002

13. Rio Tinto (red river)

17. Lunar et al., 2002

20. Almaden mercury

21. Entredicho mercury mine, Almaden

24. Coal resources - Lunar et al., 2002

25. Oil and Gas resources - Lunar et al., 2002

26. Gas Wells, Cadiz basin - Lunar et al., 2002