1. Specialized Plant and Animal Cells

2. Goals for Today Unspecialized cells can become specialized
Specialized cells group together to function as tissue
Specialization of cells allow for diversity of function in multicellular organisms

3. The Process of Specialization
All cells within an organism have the same genetic information, but are not all alike
Cell Specialization: cells develop in different ways to perform particular functions (e.g. lung cells, skin cells, brain cells; xylem, phloem, stem, leaf)

4. Stem Cells Stem Cells: an unspecialized cell
All cells originally came from stem cells
When exposed to the proper environmental conditions, stem cells form specialized cells
Current research involves using stem cells to treat injuries and disease by regenerating organs
CBC Health News (

5. Types of Stem Cells Embryonic Adult Found in embryos
Able to undergo differentiation to become a specialized cell
Adult
As organisms mature, stem cells become specialized
Pools of stem cells in tissues can help repair damage from injury and aging

6. Meristematic Cells Plant stem cells
Active throughout the life of a plant, which means they continually produce new cells of various types

7. Specialized Cells to Tissue
Groups of cells that function to perform specialized tasks are called tissues

8. Animal Tissues Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue
Form a protective barrier
Connective Tissue
Main function is to join other tissues together
Tendons and ligaments, bones, cartilage, and blood
Blood: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

9. Animal Tissues Muscle Nervous
Skeletal, smooth (blood vessels, stomach), cardiac
Can contract either voluntarily or involuntarily
Nervous
Nerve cells create messages (called impulses) and transmit them through the body

10. Plant Tissues Epidermal Clear and very thin
Specialized guard cells called stomate allow CO2, water vapour, and O2 to move into and out of the leaf
Most stomate found on the underside of the leaf

12. Plant Tissues Ground Tissue Most of the plant is made of ground tissue
Roots: food and water storage
Leaves: photosynthesis occurs in specialized tissues called mesophyll

13. Plant Tissue Vascular Transports water and nutrients
Xylem moves water and minerals from the root to the leaves (where used for photosynthesis)
Phloem transports sugar from the leaves to other parts of the plant

15. Four Corner Activity
In order to move forward in medicine, we need to use stem cell research to discover new cures and methods for treating diseases
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