1. Open Access: Prospectors Wanted! Amos Kujenga EIFL-FOSS National Coordinator, Zimbabwe akujenga@gmail.com Lupane State University, 22-23 October 2013 National University of Lesotho, 22 October 2013

2.  Definition of Open Access  Benefits of Open Access  Examples of Open Access tools  Organisations Supporting Open Access  Examples of Open Access-related Open Source Software  What librarians can do to promote Open Access 2 Outline of Presentation

3.  The Crisis in Scholarly Communication is a major driving force behind the OA movement. (UNESCO, 2012).  In 2012 Harvard reported that its annual cost for journals from large journal publishers approached $3.75M (HARVARD, 2012) 3 The Case for Open Access

4. “Open Access (OA) is the provision of free access to peer-reviewed, scholarly and research information to all” (UNESCO, 2012). 4 Open Access Defined

5. GOLD  The “ GOLD ” route  Achieved through OA journals GREEN  The “ GREEN ” route  Achieved through repositories  The “Hybrid” route  OA articles in non-OA journals 5 OA Publishing

6.  Through OA, researchers and students world- wide gain increased access to knowledge.  Publications receive more visibility and readership, and the potential impact of research is increased.  Increased access to, and sharing of knowledge leads to opportunities for equitable economic and social development, intercultural dialogue, and can potentially spark innovation. (UNESCO, 2012) 6 OA Publishing

7. “Emerald supports authors' voluntary deposit of their own work. Once an article has been published by Emerald, an author may voluntarily post their own version of the article that was submitted to the journal (pre-print) or the version of the article that has been accepted for publication (post-print) onto their own personal website or into their own institutional repository with no payment or embargo period. Authors may also use their own version of the paper (pre-print or post-print) for their own teaching purposes.” (EMERALD, 2013) 7 OA Publishing

8. 8 Benefits of Open Access

9. 9 Open Access Tools

10. The Directory of Open Access Repositories  An authoritative world-wide directory of Open Access repositories with academic materials.  OpenDOAR allows users to search for and/or within repositories  Accessible on http://www.opendoar.org/ 10 Open Access Tools

11. The Directory of Open Access Journals  Aims to increase the visibility and ease of use of OA scientific and scholarly journals, thereby promoting their increased usage and impact.  It aims to be comprehensive and cover all OA scientific and scholarly journals that use a quality control system to guarantee the content.  Aims to be THE one stop shop for users of OA journals.  Accessible on http://www.doaj.org 11 Open Access Tools

12. 12 Open Access Tools

13. Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD  An international organization dedicated to promoting the adoption, creation, use, dissemination, and preservation of ETDs.  Site has resources for university administrators, librarians, faculty, students, and the general public.  Accessible on http://www.ndltd.org/ 13 Open Access Tools

14. The Directory of Open Access Books  While most attention has been focused on scholarly works, OA is applicable in many contexts such as access to archival collections and scholarly books.  Aims to increase the discoverability of Open Access books.  Accessible on http://www.doabooks.org/doab 14 Open Access Tools

15. 15 Open Access Tools

16. UNESCO Global Open Access Portal (GOAP)  Presents a snapshot of the status of OA to scientific information around the world by country  Highlights critical success factors  Identifies key players, potential barriers and opportunities.  Updated through Country Representatives  Accessible on http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication- and-information/portals-and-platforms/goap/ 16 Open Access Tools

17. UNESCO  OA is at the heart of UNESCO’s goal to provide universal access to information and knowledge  Believes that increased access to, and sharing of knowledge leads to opportunities for equitable economic and social development, intercultural dialogue, and has the potential to spark innovation. (UNESCO, 2012)  Has a detailed Open Access Policy guidelines document. 17 Organisations Supporting OA

18. EIFL  Has an Open Access programme in place  Building capacity to launch OA repositories and to ensure their long-term sustainability.  Training, supporting knowledge sharing, and providing expertise on OA policies and practices  Empowering librarians and library professionals, scholars, educators and students to become OA advocates.  More information on http://www.eifl.net/openaccess 18 Organisations Supporting OA

19. IFLA  “ IFLA affirms that comprehensive open access to scholarly literature and research documentation is vital to the understanding of our world and to the identification of solutions to global challenges and particularly the reduction of information inequality.” (IFLA, 2013)  Building capacity to launch OA repositories and to ensure their long-term sustainability. 19 Organisations Supporting OA

20. INASP  Extensive information on OA  Links to OA resources  Annual OA Week Competitions  More information on http://inasp.info 20 Organisations Supporting OA

21. African Digital Libraries Support Network (ADLSN)  A community of African practitioners and other interested actors with a common goal of supporting the preservation and dissemination of African content in digital form.  Specialises in Open Source repository software  Implementation  Training  Technical Support  More information on http://www.adlsn.org 21 Organisations Supporting OA

22.  Open Source Software (OSS) is software for which the source code, i.e., the raw programme lines as punched in by a programmer in some programming language, is freely available. Also, the software can be modified and redistributed freely according to a specified license.  The Open Source Initiative (OSI) definition of OSS includes 10 conditions that the software must satisfy. See http://opensource.org/docs/osd  OSS is as free as “a free puppy” 22 Open Source Software (OSS)

23.  No annual subscriptions  Software code is open to criticism and so weaknesses can be identified easily.  Users have the freedom to change/customise the software to meet their particular needs, e.g., languages translations, character sets.  No “black boxes” since the code can be viewed by anyone.  Empowers locals through technical skills development 23 OSS Advantages

24.  Projects can die a natural death as people lose interest or new technologies come up.  When things go wrong, there is no one to blame, i.e., the software comes with no warranties.  OSS applications generally require a high level of technical skills to implement.  There is much work to be done when upgrading after customising a system. 24 OSS Disadvantages

25. “The parallels between this movement - what has come to be known as “open access” – and open source are striking. For both, the ultimate wellspring is the Internet, and…for both their practitioners, it is RECOGNITION – not RECOMPENSE – that drives them to participate.” (Eklektix, 2006) 25 Open Access & Open Source

26.  Those affected by the Crisis in Scholarly Communication may also be affected by high costs of proprietary software.  OA uses Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to increase and enhance the dissemination of scholarship (UNESCO, 2012). This can be achieved through the use of OSS. 26 Open Access & Open Source

27. 27 OA-Related Open Source Software

28. 28 OA Repository Software

29. DSpace  Used to host the NUST IR (NuSpace)  Developed by MIT labs and Hewlett Packard  Content is organised into communities and collections  Has rich statistics module  Accepts all manner of digital formats  Users can upload content on their own  Arguably the most popular IR software globally  Rather difficult to install and configure  Large community of users worldwide 29

30. DSpace Example 30

31. DSpace Example  NuSpace accessible online on http://ir.nust.ac.zw:8080/jspui  Communities made up of faculties and units  Contains journal articles, conference papers, and speeches  Running on Fedora Linux server  Registered with OpenDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories)  Launched in 2012 31

32. DSpace Example 32

33. DSpace Example 33

34. Greenstone  Software for building and distributing digital library collections  A “general purpose” digital library software application, i.e., can be used for several purposes  Best suited for digital libraries as opposed to Irs  “Depositor” facility can be used to build an IR  First developed in 1996 by the New Zealand Digital Library Project at the University of Waikato’s Computer Science Department 34

35. Greenstone  Has been heavily supported by UNESCO  Access to content can be controlled at collection and document level  Easy to install and configure  Large community of users 35

36. Greenstone  Aims to empower users, particularly in universities, libraries, and other public service institutions to build their own digital libraries (to avoid being read-only societies)  Aims to encourage the effective deployment of digital libraries to share information and place it in the public domain  More information on:  http://www.greenstone.org  http://www.adlsn.org 36

37. Greenstone 37

38. Greenstone Example 38

39. Greenstone Example  Used to host the NUST Digital Library (NuStone)  Accessible online on http://library.nust.ac.zw/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.cgi  Includes several digital collections  Running on Linux server  Appears on the official Greenstone examples page: http://www.greenstone.org/examples 39

40. Greenstone Example 40

41. Greenstone Example 41

42. 42 Open Journal Systems (OJS) Open Journal Systems (OJS) is a journal management and publishing system that has been developed by the Public Knowledge Project through its federally funded efforts to expand and improve access to research.

43. 43 Open Journal Systems Features  OJS is installed locally and locally controlled.  Editors configure requirements, sections, review process, etc.  Online submission and management of all content.  Subscription module with delayed open access options.  Comprehensive indexing of content part of global system.

44. 44  Reading Tools for content, based on field and editors’ choice.  Email notification and commenting ability for readers.  Complete context-sensitive online Help support. Open Journal Systems Features

45. 45 Open Journal Systems Example

46. SubjectsPlus  A web based set of programs that allow you to build subject guides PLUS other tools  Provides facilities to dynamically manage a library’s subject, course, and topic guides.  Subject guides help users to easily find resources related to their subject areas  Runs under the XAMP (Windows/Linux-Apache- MySQL-PHP/Perl/Python) environment  Easy to install and configure – good in situations where technical skills are limited. 46

47. SubjectsPlus More information on:  http://www.subjectsplus.com  http://splus.pbworks.com 47

48. SubjectsPlus Example  Accessible online on http://library.nust.ac.zw/sp/  Guides arranged by academic department  Guides built by teams led by Faculty Librarians  Built as part of an EIFL FOSS pilot project  Running on Linux server 48

49. SubjectsPlus Example 49

50. SubjectsPlus Example 50

51. How to Promote Open Access 51  Launch an OA Institutional Repository.  Get support from top management  Provide usage statistics  Help academics to deposit their research articles in the IR  Consider publishing an institutional OA journal.  Use Open Source software, e.g., OJS  Implement Subject Guides and work with academics when putting links to OA resources.

52. How to Promote Open Access 52  Look for good quality OA resources and provide links to them on your website.  Use social media to reach out to your audience and spread the news.  Include OA issues when conducting Information Literacy Skills (ILS) training.  Make use of tools such as Google Custom Search to create custom search engines for OA resources.  Collaborate with other organisations/institutions

53. How to Promote Open Access 53  Celebrate International OA Week annually.  Distribute promotional OA materials widely  Get buy-in from academics  Identify internal and external champions.  Subject Librarians should be constantly in touch with their constituencies on this matter.  Establish full-text Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) for your institution, backed by policies mandating students to submit their work.

54. How to Promote Open Access 54  Lobby for an Open Access Policy for your institution.  Keep up-to-date with OA developments through social networks, e.g., OA group on LinkedIn http://www.linkedin.com/groups/OpenAccess- 3890276

55. As the Open Access movement gains momentum worldwide, it is essential for librarians and other information professionals to acquire the necessary skills in order to assist users to retrieve quality information from the growing pool of electronic resources. This will go a long way in enhancing the impact of research output made available via Open Access 55 Conclusion

56. Thank You Amos Kujenga EIFL-FOSS National Coordinator, Zimbabwe akujenga@gmail.com