1. eCybermission: Team Tech By: Anish Devati, Drew Clark, Linas Checivaus, and Robin Hui Fifth Design Of Robot

2. Problem Where We Found Problem: bls.com and NIH. com Problem: Shortage of Nurses Why This Matters: There is a great demand for nurses, but we do not have enough nurses to successfully meet patient's demands. In serious cases, the patient to nurse ratio is 6:1. That means nurses and patients do not even work one on one. Our country, recruited nurses from Kerala, India to solve this issue, but that did not work. How This Happened: Unfortunately, causes of many nursing programs closing, lots of nurses becoming physician's assistants, less people being nurse, and older nurses retiring caused a serious problem. Statement: We need to fix this, but how? Our group has a solution.

3. Importance Of Problem To many this might not seem like a serious problem. Well, this problem is important to the community. No yearly checkups to know if we are healthy or not. No care when we have colds, coughs, or other diseases. Easier time to fulfill their regular day needs. Help patients in senior homes get ready for bed. Without that help, some patients would have trouble getting ready for bed. Not only that, but also we need nurses because then who would take care of the sick? They don't just give you pills and check your heartbeat, they can console you if you're scared, give you advice, try to help you out with your health issues. Sometimes nurses have more time with patients than doctors. Nurses care and tend the wounded and are often the first health professional you see, before getting to a doctor. As you can see, the shortage of nurses is a serious problem since nurses are such a great factor of our health care industry.

4. Resources Used (Websites) 1. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition, Registered Nurses, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos083.htm (visited November 15, 2011). 2.. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Career Guide to Industries, 2010-11 Edition, Healthcare, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/oco/cg/cgs035.htm (visited November 15, 2011 ). 3. "Nursing Shortage." Career Toolkits | Career Profiles. Career Toolkits. Web. 15 Nov. 2011.. 4. "Hospital Robots." Used-Robots.com. Robot Worx. Web. 15 Nov. 2011.. 5. "Nursing Shortage." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, 26 Oct. 2011. Web. 15 Nov. 2011.. 6. "Costco - 3-In-1 Deluxe Pulse Oximeter by Quest Products." Costco.com: Offering Thousands of Items You Wonât Find in Your Local Costco. Web. 15 Nov. 2011. <http://www.costco.com 7. "Google Translate." Google Translate. Google. Web. 15 Nov. 2011..

5. Resources Used (Websites) Continued 8. "Top 10 Most Spoken Languages In The World." Top 10 Lists - Listverse. Web. 15 Nov. 2011.. 9. Lee, Ashley. "How about Having a Robot for a Nurse? Medical Equipment That Will Make a Difference in Life!" Advanced Technology & Design KOREA. Disqus, 1 Sept. 2011. Web. 02 Jan. 2012.. 10. "Nursing Shortage." American Nurses Association. Web. 02 Jan. 2012.. 11. "Nurses." KidsHealth - the Web's Most Visited Site about Children's Health. The Nemours Foundation., June-July 2011. Web. 02 Jan. 2012.. 12. "Improving Nurse-to-patient Staffing Ratios as a Cost-effective Safety Intervention." Www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. PubMed Gov, 01 Aug. 2005. Web. 02 Jan. 2012.. 13. Colima. "Staff/Patient Ratio - 30 Patients per Nurse." Web log post. Nursing for Nurses: Helping You Be a Better Nurse. LTC Nursing, 30 Apr. 2006. Web. 02 Jan. 2012..

6. Resources Used Interviews 14. Mr. Nordstrom (Robotics Physics Teacher For HPMS) 15. Mr. Miller (School Nurse For HPMS) Books 16. Bishop, Owen. Programming Lego Mindstorms NXT. Burlington, MA: Syngress, 2008. Print. 17. Boogaarts, Martijn. The LEGO Mindstorms NXT Idea Book: Design, Invent, and Build. San Francisco: No Starch, 2007.

7. Interview Questions For School Nurse What do you know about the nurse’s shortage? How could this be better used in senior homes to assist nurses? What other environments could this be used in? Would this help senior home nurses with their hectic schedules? What other robots are used in hospitals? What do those robots do? If this were put into a school environment, how would it help you? Would it be useless in school environments? How would this benefit this community? Do you like this idea for nursing homes? Would this be better if it assisted nurses, or should it be there to fill in the empty spaces in the health care industry?

8. Interview Questions For School Physics Teacher How could we better redesign this to move quicker? Would the clip be an efficient tool to measure the patient’s heart rate, oxygen levels, and blood flow? If this were taken into action, would the screen be a possible tool to hold results? What would be a better replica for the monitor, than the Lego clip? If not, what would be a better design? How could we program this to close the clip slower, so that it is more comfortable? Where would be a good place to have the text on the robot? How can we better program this so that it doesn’t get of track, and fall of the table? Do you like this design? How would this develop the world of engineering?

9. Knowledge Gained From Research After finding government based websites, reading informative books, and conducting explanatory interviews, our group gained a waterfall of knowledge about Robots in Medicine. Regarding the nurses shortage, we learned that there is a high demand for nurses, and there are not enough nurses to meet patient demands. Here are some nurse to patient ratios. What this shows is for a certain number of patients, how many nurses are there to tend for them. In serious cases, like strokes or heart attacks the nurse to patient ratio is 1:6. So, even in deadly cases, nurses and patients aren't met one on one. Not only that, but in senior homes the nurse to patient ratio is 1:30. The nurse that worked in that hospital was very disappointed. She thought, "It is logistically impossible for one nurse to provide competent, adequate, thorough, and truly compassionate nursing care to 30 residents. You can come in early, leave late, skip all meals and breaks, and still not do the things you should be doing, still not give the care the residents deserve. " We learned that the nurses shortage is not only a problem for patients, but also nurses seem to be very disappointed about it.

10. How It’s getting Worse Our group knows that the nurses shortage is a serious problem, but we didn't think that it would get worse. Our group found that, as the years progress, the nurses shortage just becomes worse. In 2000, there was a supply of 18892443 nurses, however our demand for nurses was 19,999,950. As you can see, there were not enough nurses to recuperate our patient's demands. In 2010, we had a supply of 2069369 nurses, but we wanted 2344584. So, there was a shortage of -275215 nurses. Lastly, in the future here are our results. Our group did not think that it would get worse; we thought it would improve. In 2020, we are expected to have a supply of 2001998 nurses, however we need 2810414 nurses. That is a shortage of -29%. Our group finds that ludicrous.

11. What Are nurses? Without nurses, we wouldn't get our yearly checkups to know if we are healthy or not. Without nurses, we wouldn't get care when we have colds, coughs, or other diseases. Thanks to nurses, patients in senior homes have an easier time to fulfill their regular day needs. For example, nurses help patients in senior homes get ready for bed. Without that help, some patients would have trouble getting ready for bed. Not only that, but also we need nurses because then who would take care of the sick? They don't just give you pills and check your heartbeat, they can console you if you're scared, give you advice, try to help you out with your health issues. Sometimes nurses have more time with patients than doctors. Nurses care and tend the wounded and are often the first health professional you see, before getting to a doctor. As you can see, the shortage of nurses is a serious problem since nurses are such a great factor of our health care industry. Nurses are the front line of health care defense.

12. Other robots in medicine Researching robots in America, we found that our idea was not implemented yet, and robots were only used for organizational purposes. Lastly, after researching about robot outside of this country we found that in Korea, people developed a robot called Ed-Robot Stella, which is similar, but different to our idea. Robot Stella is a medical robot that remotely senses patient's blood pressure or pulse and sends the data to the hospital at all times so that the patient can receive proper medical treatment at the right time. It is expected that nursing homes would want this robot. Our robot is different from this because Ed-Stella can only measure blood pressure. Our robot however can measure pulse rate, blood flow, and oxygen levels of a patient. Ed-Stella doesn’t explain to the patient how to get their blood pressure measured. Our robot will have a LCD Board that tells the patient how to get their pulse rate, blood flow, and oxygen levels measured. Therefore, easier for patients to use.

13. Design Statement We think our group can design, build and program a Mindstorms NXT robot to assist a nurse. This will be done when our group builds a replication of an oximeter clip. We can program it with a robot, so that the robot can move around and check patients pulse rate, blood flow, and oxygen levels. If this is true we could keep redesigning the robot, so that it looks friendlier each time. It is important that the patients don't get intimidated by our robot. Also, we think we can keep redesigning the robot in different motor powers, so that each time it becomes faster. We think that the robot with the highest motor power will do the checkup the quickest. The motor powers are 50, 75, and 100. Even though slow and steady wins the race, in this case our group believes that the strongest power (100) will finish this checkup the quickest.

14. How That would solve the problem This can help us solve our problem because now we can build this robot to do the desired tasks that we wanted it to do (find pulse rate, oxygen levels, and blood flow). By doing this the nurse can focus on doing her tasks in the senior home, like feeding medicine. Therefore, if our robot works well it could increase production rate in senior homes and help nurses with their troublesome lives. Most importantly, there would not be a shortage of nurses and each patient would get time to connect with their nurse as well as getting time to connect with our robot.

15. Pros And Cons Pros: Easily find it's patients pulse rate, blood flow, and oxygen levels. For people that can not hear, our robot also writes out step by step what the patients have to do in order to find out their pulse rate, blood flow, and oxygen levels. Lastly, our robot can clearly read out the results of the patient's trail, so that the patient will be aware of his results. Cons: Can not record the results of the patient. Our robot will send the results to a recorder in the nurses room where the nurses will record the results. That is the criteria and constraints for our design. When we further redesign this robot, we will figure out a way to build another robot that picks up the data our robot records from the patient's trial.

16. Criteria Mandatory: Easily be able to find our patients blood flow, pulse rate, and oxygen levels. Has an LED Screen that shows all the steps we need to do to get patient's "checked up." Not only that, but also it is important that our robot can read out the patient's trial results. Even if it is the clip that reads out the information, or the robot that does it, it is mandatory that our robot does that when implemented into nursing homes.

17. Constraints Not Mandatory: Shouldn’t worry about the height of our robot too much. We can always add extra Lego pieces to make the robot taller. Also, it is not mandatory that it speaks, because an LED Board that displays what to do is good enough. We can worry about adding a speaker into our robot later. That is the constraints of our robotic design.

18. Why We Did Things How We Did It The reason we built our robot a specific way is for a simple reason. We needed to hold the LED Screen to the back of the robot, so that patients could easily see how to get their pulse rate, oxygen levels, and blood flow measured. Also, it was important that we keep the clip in the front of the robot, because patients shouldn't have to reach far back to stick their finger into the tri oximeter clip.

19. Supplies To Recreate Experiment Supplies Mindstorms NXT Kit You will need to use this to build the robot. It contains technical Lego pieces so that we could build and program our robot. LEGO DUPLO Deluxe Brick Box Used to build the clip, plus the box that holds the clip. It used also just to decorate the robot, and make it look more anthropomorphic. Table We use this as a platform to demonstrate the experiment

20. Supplies Needed Continued Nursing Home or Senior Home This is basically a place to implement our idea. Finger Print Scanner To recreate, you can use a replica, but if you want to implement the idea into Senior Homes, use a real fingerprint scanner. Kindle (Replica Of LED Screen) This will be attached to the robot and it will say to stick your finger into this oximeter clip. It is basically a guide for the patient to follow. String (Heavy Duty) Used to attach Kindle to the robot. Cardboard /Scrap booking Paper Used as another replica of LED Screen. Timer Record times each robot takes to complete task. Logbooks Used to record anything you discovered or found.

21. Data Collection

22. Anthropomorphic Testing The data we collected was that most people found our final robotic design to be the most friendliest. After surveying we found out that our final design got the most tens. We think that that happened because this robot didn't look like a big mess of jumbled parts about to take your pulse rate. It looked like a calm anthropomorphic robot about to carefully and gently test our pulse rate, blood flow, and oxygen levels. Well, that is what a subject of our survey said anyways.

23. Motor Power Testing Since, this is Mindstorms NXT, that means we are testing the speed of a Servo Motor (a basic Lego motor that uses gears to rotate). This is important because we want patients to have a quick comfortable checkup and then be done. They would preferably want to spend more time with their nurse, and get emotional comfort and also find out what medication they should take. Getting back to topic, so, to try this out we tested out the motors in three different powers. The powers were 100, 75, and 50. After testing we found out that in power 100 the robot took an average of 22.06 seconds to complete the task (find our patient's pulse rate, blood flow, and oxygen levels). After testing the robot in power 75 we found out that it took an average of 23 seconds to complete a checkup. Lastly, after testing the robot in motor power 50, we saw that it took the robot how an average of 27 to complete a checkup. Using this data, we can confirmed that motor power 100 was the fastest, since it took only 22.06seconds.

24. Designs Team Tech

25. Design One

26. Design Two

27. Design Three

28. Design Four

29. Design Five

30. Results Averages Design One: 3.75/10 Design Two: 5.75/10 Design Three: 6.75/10 Design Four: 7.75/10 Design Five: 9.75

31. Videos Of Motor Power Testing Team Tech

32. Motor Power Testing

33. Nurses shortage throughout the future Some data that we found (not collected), was the nurses shortage throughout the years. We found that as the years progress, the nurses shortage only gets worse. In 2000, there was a supply of 18892443 nurses, however our demand for nurses was 19,999,950. As you can see, there were not enough nurses to recuperate our patient's demands. In 2010, we had a supply of 2069369 nurses, but we wanted 2344584. So, there was a shortage of -275215 nurses. Lastly, in the future here are our results. Our group did not think that it would get worse; we thought it would improve. In 2020, we are expected to have a supply of 2001998 nurses, however we need 2810414 nurses. That is a shortage of -29%.

34. Shortage in the future As you can see, this shortage is not going uphill, yet maybe the other way!

35. Analyzing Data

36. Anthropomorphic Testing One part of the data we wanted to collect is people's opinion about the friendliness of the robot. We wanted them to rate the friendliness of the robot from the scale of 1-10. After doing the survey our group realized how from our first design to the last design there was a big difference. The first design looked uncomfortable for patients, and the last one was the one with the most tens (most comfortable). We thought that with more practice with making the robot look more comfortable to be around, the better we could get. Our survey proves that we were right, and we learned as we went along the way.

37. Motor Power Speed Testing Another part of the data we needed to collect was the speed of the robot in three different powers. After testing, we realized that in motor power 100 our robot performed the quickest. That did not refute or design statement because we thought all along that motor power 100 would do the checkup the quickest. Though, we thought there was not too big of a difference between motor power 75 and 100. The difference was practically 2-3 seconds. We saw that after the trails, 75 would be the best option because it never got off track and it wasn’t too slow.

38. Drawing conclusions Team tech

39. Basic Knowledge In this experiment we were trying to answer the question: How can we build and program a Mindstorms NXT Robot to help reduce the shortage of nurses in our country? For my design statement, we thought that our group can design, build and program a Mindstorms NXT robot to assist a nurse. This will be done when our group builds a replication of an oximeter clip. We can program it with a robot, so that the robot can move around and check patients pulse rate, blood flow, and oxygen levels. If this is true we could keep redesigning the robot, so that it looks friendlier each time. It is important that the patients don't get intimidated by our robot. Also, we think we can keep redesigning the robot in different motor powers, so that each time it becomes faster. We think that the robot with the highest motor power will do the checkup the quickest. The motor powers are 50, 75, and 100. Even though slow and steady wins the race, in this case our group believes that the strongest power (100) will finish this checkup the quickest.

40. Upon analyzing data… Upon analyzing the data, our last design of our robot was the one that was most anthropomorphic. That did not refute our design statement because we thought that as we got more experience with making the robot look more friendly, the better we could get. For example, in the first design our ultrasonic sensor was barely seen on the robot, but we learned that the ultrasonic sensor made it look like the robot had eyes. That obviously would make the robot more anthropomorphic because giving the robot "eyes" would make it look more human like. Not only that, but also our group thought that the robot with the highest motor power will do the checkup the quickest. The motor powers are 50, 75, and 100. Even though slow and steady wins the race, in this case our group believes that the strongest power (100) will finish this checkup the quickest. We were correct for that exact reason. The more power in something, the more friction it produces, which makes the robot move faster. It is important that the robot finishes the check-up quickly so patients spend more time with nurses, and get emotional support as well as finding out what medication to take. However, after the trials we realized the time difference between 75 and 100 were not too much, and 75 was the most accurate.

41. Sources of error One error could be that when we tested the robot in different powers, we started them in different distances. If we started in different distances, it could affect the time the robot takes to complete a "checkup." Not only that, but also when rating the friendliness of the robot, one of our team members could have lied, so that the survey would finish up. It is important that everyone was truthful, so that we get accurate results. Lastly, there is a chance that we didn't precisely measure the time the robot took to complete a checkup. We could have been off by a few seconds, but even that small amount of time could affect the results of our experiment. By avoiding or fixing the experimental errors, the results would be more reliable.

42. Further Testing To further test my design, I would implement it in senior homes. In senior homes, I would see if my robot was helpful or not. If it was not helpful, I would redesign it, so that it could better assist the nurse, and not be a hassle in the senior home. However, in order to implement this into senior homes, I would have to reprogram the robot, so that it can easily and quickly leave and enter every room in a senior home. Also, I would have to keep in mind, that I need to make this robot at least 4 feet tall, so that means I would have to rebuild the base of the robot so that it is taller. Also, instead of using replicas of blood pressure cuffs, oximeter clips, and fingerprint scanners, we must buy real ones for our robot to do its tasks.

43. Benefit To Community Team Tech

44. How It Could Solve Problem Our robot could help fix the problem of the shortage of nurses in our country. As you already now, nurses are an important part of our healthcare industry because without nurses, we wouldn't get our yearly checkups to know if we are healthy or not. Without nurses, we wouldn't get care when we have colds, coughs, or other diseases. Thanks to nurses, patients in senior homes have an easier time to fulfill their regular day needs. For example, nurses help patients in senior homes get ready for bed. Without that help, some patients would have trouble getting ready for bed. Not only that, but also we need nurses because then who would take care of the sick? They don't just give you pills and check your heartbeat, they can console you if you're scared, give you advice, try to help you out with your health issues. Sometimes nurses have more time with patients than doctors. Nurses care and tend the wounded and are often the first health professional you see, before getting to a doctor. However, nurses and patients don't interact one on one. In senior homes, the nurse to patient ratio is 1:30. This can solve that problem because when it assists nurses by finding their patients pulse rate, oxygen levels, and blood flow, the nurse can focus on feeding their patients medicine or doing any other tasks. Therefore, production rate would speed up, and patients and nurses could get more one on one interaction. Our group's prediction is that if this robot gets implemented into senior homes, the ratio between nurses and patients would now become 1:15. We think that because one nurse had to see 30 patients. Now since we have 2 "nurses" we have 1/2 less patients for each nurses. That is briefly how this design could help solve our group's problem and benefit our community.

45. Implementations We could implement this idea into nursing homes and senior homes. While the nurse puts their patients to bed and feeds them medicine our robot could help the nurse finish doing patient checkups. We could further design this robot to not only measure the patients pulse rate, oxygen levels, and blood flow, but also to record the data it collects. Right now, our plan is that the robot contain a fingerprint scanner. After the patient sticks their finger into our robot, it will detect their fingerprint. That data would already be loaded into a computer, so now all the computer would have to do is record the data. However, a more efficient tool would be to have the robot record the data. If that could occur, then the nurse would not have to record the data, and could continue on with her work. That simply is how our robot could benefit our community and get implemented into real world situations to solve real world problems.

46. Team Collaboration: Jobs  Linas C: Organizer/ Due Dates  Robin Hui: Writer/ Proofreader  Anish Devati: Spokesperson/ Manager/ Communicator (With Teachers)  Drew Clark: Analyst/ Builder/ Programmer

47. Roles of Each Member  Drew Clark  Built Robot  Programmed Robot  Worked On Mission Folder

48. Roles of Each Member Anish Devati Recorded Data Did Research PowerPoint Worked On Mission Folder

49. Roles of Each Member Linas C. Designed Robot Built Robot Worked on Mission Folder

50. Roles of Each Member Robin Hui Proofread Our Essays Researched PowerPoint Worked on Mission Folder

51. How We Chose Team Members Who were excited about science and who could think outside the box. We all wanted to work with a team who were going to be receptive to other peoples’ ideas, open to discussion, and were hard workers. We knew that the four of us were extremely curious and were not shy about asking questions. No idea was a stupid idea. Every thought was considered with respect before being thrown away. We knew of each others abilities since the beginning of sixth grade, and we knew that we would make a great team.

52. How We Gave Jobs We assigned jobs by asking each other in our group what their strengths and weaknesses were. Then, we knew what type of job to give him. For example, Anish is a communicator because he can communicate well with teachers and other students. However, he is not programming the robot because that is Drew's and Linas' strengths, not his. That is how we selected jobs.

53. Assurance Every week, we assign tasks to each member, for the upcoming week. We have a check-point meeting at least once every week. During the meeting, we finish any incomplete task or job. This ensures that the team stays on track. Also, our group created calendars of major duties that need to be done. We can refer to it when we forget the due date of something. This calendar also assured that we finish our mission folder, because some due dates in the calendar had to deal with sections that had to be done in this mission folder.

54. Wrap Up Thank you for taking ten minutes out of your time to watch our eCybermission Presentation. We truly believe that it is an innovative idea that can change a dreadful problem. What do you think?