1. Grid Compliance and Wind turbines in weak and Island grids –
Søren Jes Plagborg
Vestas – Northern Europe
February 2006

2. Information contained in the following expresses general views and shall not be construed as an expression of the policies or views of Vestas.
Information contained in the following shall not be construed as detailed description of the properties or functioning of wind turbines manufactured by Vestas.
Information contained in the following should merely be viewed as a contribution to the debate on the development of grid code requirements and the utilization of the potential of wind turbines in securing grid stability.

3. Content Introduction Technical Requirements Example of Grid code
Why??
History
Content
Technical Requirements
Power
Voltage
SCADA
Example of Grid code
Trends
Turbine / Scada
Jeg har tilføjet ”Draft”
Præsenterer: KETH

4. Current listing of new Wind Grid codes
[AESO]
Canada
Wind Power Facility
- Technical Requirements (Draft proposal)
[CER]
Ireland
Wind farm Transmission Grid Code Provisions
- A Direction by the Commission for Energy Regulation
[Eltra]
Denmark
Vindmølleparker tilsluttet net med spændinger over 100 kV
(Draft version)
[E.ON] Netz
Germany
Netzanschlussregeln
- Hoch- und Höchstspannung
[ESB] National Grid
Wind Code Changes
- Distribution Code Modification Proposal Form
[FGW]
Technische Richtlinien für Windenergieanlagen
- Teil 4 Bestimmung der Netzanschlussgrößen
(Fördergesellschaft Windenergie e.V.)
[NECA]
Australia
National Electricity Code
- Version 1.0 Amendment 8.6
May 2002
[Vattenfall] Europe
Netzanschluss- und Netznutzungsregeln der Vattenfall Europe Transmission GmbH
[VDN]
TransmissionCode 2003
- Netz- und Systemregeln der deutschen Übertragungsnetzbetreiber
Aug. 2003
Verhalten von EEG-Erzeugungsanlagen bei Störungen im Netz
[Vestas]
Contributions from Grid Compliance Seminar in Billund Aug. 2004
Aug. 2004
[Vestas, Chen]
Guide of Grid Connection
Power Quality Assessment of Vestas Wind Turbines
[Western Power]
Technical Code
Version 1
Where ?
Everywhere

5. Why New ’Wind’ Grid codes??
V MW,
At national level. -no longer a minor energy source.
The national grid stability will become dependant on Wind.
Several regions throughout Europe are now exporting wind power to the transmission grid kV
Unforseen trip of a >50 MW sized windfarm can significantly affect the balance on the transmission level ( kV).

6. Why new grid codes?? Wind in Denmark- Jutland January 2003

7. What does it say..? Some variations throughout the world.
However, the main focus areas are….:
Active power control
Reactive power control
Frequency control
Voltage fluctuations
Voltage - fault ride through
Extensive increase in SCADA interface / demands
Turbine Modelling data - PSS/E
Flicker and Harmonic data / Power Quality data sheet
Jeg har tilføjet ”Draft”
Præsenterer: KETH
V MW,

8. A Solution for Farm control : VestasOnline -SCADA System
Active power control
Gradient power control

9. An example of Grid Code Requirements Active Power Control
Jeg har tilføjet ”Draft”
Præsenterer: KETH
Ramp up function
MW Curtailment set-point

10. An Example of Grid Code Requirements Reactive Power Control
Increased Power factor range at interconnection point:

11. An Example of Grid Code Requirements Voltage Control
e to 0.95 capacitive
at rated wind farm output at PCC
(Point of Common Connection)

12. Why Fault Ride Through..??
Because it is expected from a primary energy source
-like Wind, Oil and Gas

13. Fault Ride Through -some examples…

14. An Example of Grid Code Requirements Voltage disturbance
Voltage / Fault ride through Capabilities
Jeg har tilføjet ”Draft”
Præsenterer: KETH

15. Challenging Scope of Supply
-Today!
-A few years ago…!
Wind Farm –
Turbines
Utility Network
Sub-
Station
The New Grid Codes causes the need of solutions at the Sub Station and results in new challenges for defining ”Scope of Supply”

16.  Trends… PCC To Interconnection
Dynamic Compensation unit, SVC/STATCOM
Dynamic Compensation module
Remote dispatch center
Static cap. banks
Substation 
RCM /
Step-Up Transformers
66/22 kV
Sub station Switchgear G G G G
Electrical infrastructure
Block controller
WTG No. 1…9
WTG No. 10…18
WTG No. 19…27
WTG No. 28…35
Project specific, commercial/competitive edge
Critical for performance / compliance with grid codes

17. -Summary… Current Trends = Tomorrows requirements
SCADA is a required and vital part of the total solution.
Extensive increase of control features between Wind Farm and the Electrical Utility SCADA Systems
Cost issue: small projects versus large projects – turbine capabilities versus substation solutions

18. Wind, Oil and Gas
V MW