1. UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics 11-13 september 2006 Geneva 1 ETHNIC MINORITIES, GENDER AND DISCRIMINATION IN ESS (shorter version) Ko Oudhof Statistics Netherlands

2. UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics 11-13 september 2006 Geneva 2 THEMES IN PRESENTATION Discrimination Risk population Measurement and data Results Final questions

3. UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics 11-13 september 2006 Geneva 3 Discrimination and risk populations Discrimination defined shortly: –Treatment or affect based on class or category rather than individual merit –Reasonable exceptions? Law-forbidden grounds? Risk population derived from grounds –Racial or ethnic minorities –Women Multiple discrimination –Ethnic minorities women Research question: – More discrimination than other women? – More discrimination than ethnic minorities men?

4. UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics 11-13 september 2006 Geneva 4 ESS European Social Survey Two-yearly survey 2002/3 + 2004/5 +…. Freely available (non-commercial) Standardisation and comparability Translation procedures Random sample 15+ years Only in major (>5%) languages in country !!! 26 countries all together Pooled and reweighted data (OK??)

5. UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics 11-13 september 2006 Geneva 5 Measurement risk populations 1.Citizenship –Are you a citizen of [country]? 2.(Non-) western background –Were you born in [country]? –Was your father born in [country]? –Was your mother born in [country]? 3.Belongingness minority ethnic group –Do you belong to a minority ethnic group in [country]? ( “Belong” refers to attachment or identification) Yes/No/Don’t know

7. UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics 11-13 september 2006 Geneva 7 Measurement risk populations (2) Unique crossing of criteria risk population One example (in spite of language bias) Share of ethnic minorities among foreign background (western/non-western) –Target population of EU-LFS 2008 Ethnic minority group among non-western migrants + descendants = 1,2% Ethnic minority group among native background = 1,5%

9. UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics 11-13 september 2006 Geneva 9 Measurement discrimination Would you describe yourself as being a member of a group that is discriminated against in this country? If yes…...>>>>>>>>> On what grounds is your group discriminated against? PROBE: ‘What other grounds?’ CODE ALL THAT APPLY –Colour or race –Nationality –Religion –Language –Ethnic group –Age –Gender –Sexuality –Disability –Other (WRITE IN)___________________________ –(Don’t know)

15. UNECE Work Session on Gender Statistics 11-13 september 2006 Geneva 15 Discussion Systematic bias in ethnic groups in ESS- data because of language-related selectivity? Validity of discrimination measure? –Self assessment as member of D –Perceived discrimination of D –Information source of perceived discrimination (significant others or media)? ESS offers much more http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/