1. 日本研究演習 ( 英語 ) Ａ Chris Burgess (1 号館 1308 研究室、内線 164) cburgess@tsuda.ac.jp / http://edu.tsuda.ac.jp/~cburgess

2. Draft Immigration Control Plan Aims to Bar Terrorist Suspects from Entry (2015/6/16)

3. 第５次出入国管理基本計画の原 案の骨子

4. Tokyo's Shibuya ward is first municipality in Japan to recognise same-sex marriage Shibuya votes to issue certificates recognising same- sex unions as “equivalent to marriage” Recent Mainichi Shimbun poll showed 44 % for same-sex marriage, 39% against 2010: Tokyo governor Ishihara categorizies lesbians and gay men as “deficient” and genetically lacking... March 2015 LGBT supporters in the Tokyo Rainbow Pride parade in April.

5. Celebrity Gay Wedding Japanese actress Akane Sugimori and her partner Ayaka Ichinose held a symbolic wedding ceremony in Tokyo, as calls grow for Japan to legalise same-sex marriage. Their marriage will not be recognised under law. Japanese actress Akane Sugimori (R) and her partner Ayaka Ichinose, both dressed in white, speak at a press conference after their marriage ceremony in Tokyo on April 19, 2015

6. HOMEWORK FOR NEXT WEEK Contemporary Issues about Japan in the English Media Newspaper, Magazine, Internet…

8. Bring ➍ copies of your (short!) English article on Japan for next week

9. Prepare comprehension questions about facts in the article! (not general opinion questions)

11. Female Labor Force Participation Rate: How to Resolve the “M-curve”? 女性の労働力率

12. How feminism could save Japan from demographic doom

13. 女性活躍へ六つの柱 初会合、 支援策まとめ 安倍政権 安倍政権が力を入れる女性 活躍施策の司令塔となる「 すべての女性が輝く社会づ くり本部」の初会合が１０ 日開かれ、支援策をまとめ た「政策パッケージ」を正 式に決定した。国民から意 見を募り、女性が暮らしや すい社会環境をつくるため の新たな方策も検討すると いう すべての女性が輝く社会づ くり 2014 年 10 月 11 日

14. 1986: 1 st Equal Employment Opportunity Law ( 男女雇用機会均等法 ) 1997: EEOL revised definitions of sexual harassment and legal penalties for employers introduced for 1 st time 1999 The Basic Law for a Gender-equal Society ( 男女共同参画社会基本法 ) 2007: 2 nd revision of EEOL, focusing on indirect discrimination of pregnant women “sexual harassment” to include male victims Equal Opportunity Legislation

15. Penalties only allow for making the names of the offending companies public. They do not allow for the government to assess fines, nor for plaintiffs to seek punitive damages against the employer. 2009: U.N. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) raised concerns over ‘toothless’ penalties. ２００９年度バージェスゼミ卒業論文： 「少子化対策におけるレトリックと不況下におけ る働く女性の現実 : “ 育休切り ” に対して政府は無力 なのか」 Criticism of EEOL: No Penalties

16. マタニティ・ハラスメント４人 に１人 25% of Pregnant Workers Experienced Harassment Yomiuri 2013/07/31 p. 35 育休後に雇い止めに遭った女性。記 入を求められた退職願の理由欄には 「労働契約期間満了」と下書きが あった 妊娠・出産 で退職強 要： 職場で心な い言葉

17. Japan in International Rankings

18. http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-report-2014

19. Japan: 10 th Japan: 57 th World Economic Forum 世界経済フォーラム UNDP 国際連合開発計画 GEM replaced by GII=Gender Inequality Index ( ジェン ダー不平等指数 ) from 2010 (Japan 17 th in 2014)

20. GII Criteria (UNDP) Reproductive health –Maternal mortality rate –Adolescent fertility rate Empowerment –Seats in national parliament –Secondary school education Labor Market Participation

21. Japan: 104 th World Economic Forum 世界経済フォーラム UNDP 国際連合開発計画

22. GGI Criteria 2013 (WEF) Educational Attainment Health and Survival Political Empowerment Economic Participation & Opportunity 104 th 91 st 34 th 118 th

23. http://www.weforum.org/re ports/closing-gender-gap- japan While over 98% of the health and education gender gaps have been closed, only 58% of the economic gap and 6% of the political empowerment gap have narrowed

24. April 16 th : イコール・ペイ・デ ー Average monthly wage ( 一般労働者の平均賃金 ) * Men=\328,300 Women=\231,900 「女性が男性と同額の賃金を得るには７ ８日余分にはたらかなければならず、そ れを１月１日から週５日間働く計算に当 てはめると。。。４月１６日になる。」 （ 2012 年 4 月 19 日 読売新聞）

25. Group Work

26. WORKSHEET QUESTION 1: OPINION POLLS “Husbands should work outside the home and wives should take care of their families.” ( 夫が外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべき ) What do you think? Write your personal answer and then explain to the group

27. Cabinet Office Poll: “Husbands should work while wives stay at home” 「夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきだ」 反対 49 ％＝再び賛成上回る ― 内閣府調査 For ( 賛成） 44.6 ％ (-7%) (incl. 43.2% women!); against ( 反対） 49.4% (+4.3%) 2014

28. More than half of Japanese support “traditional” gender roles –In 2012, supporters increased for 1 st time since 1992 Economic uncertainty & increased importance of home life post 3.11 factors? Largest rise amongst those in their 20’s ( ２０歳 代男女で大幅増 ) –55.7% of men and 36.6% of women in their 20’s agreed!

30. Defining Terms: Sex, Gender, and Sexuality WORKSHEET QUESTION 2

31. Sex/Gender/Sexuality Sex Gender Sexuality （身体の性別） （ジェンダー） （性 的指向） e.g. Man = Masculinity = Heterosexual Gender = Societies’ Interpretation of the body: “One is not born a woman, one becomes one.” Simone de Beauvoir

32. Q. Why does sexuality & gender tend not to be differentiated in Japan? Sex Gender Sexuality （身体の性別） （ジェンダー） （性 的指向） A: Just like “race” and “language/culture” are typically intertwined & not distinguished in Japan (=the clover model of identity), gender and sexuality are often combined together and treated as the same thing. More precisely…

33. A: In Japan sexuality is not a major source of identity… In Japan, sexuality is usually left unspecified (and unacknowledged): it is conflated with (and often subsumed under) gender In Japan, the focus is on gender ambiguity (androgyny) rather than sexuality: transgression of gender boundaries (such as cross-dressing= 女装 = じょそう ) rather then sexual preference. Thus おかま, is translated variously as “gay man” and “drag queen/transvestite”… ( 異性服装倒錯者 )

34. ネットオカマ。。。 Men who adopt female names in internet chat-rooms Again, here ‘okama’ refers to playing with and crossing gender roles (feminine manner/dress), rather than sexuality (sexual preferences) In particular, female sexuality is rarely acknowledged and largely invisible…

35. Sexuality (?)Terminology in Japan MALEFEMALE 男色 同性愛者 ゲイボーイ・ニューハーフ ホモ・ゲイレズ（ビア ン） 「ホモ」「レズ」、および「オカ マ」は、当事者が不快に感じる「差 別語」と言える

36. Gender Stereotypes: masculine and feminine characteristics ( 男性特有・女性特有 ) WORKSHEET QUESTION 3 Yamato NadeshikoTeishu Kampaku

37. "Women have their proper place: they should be womanly," said LDP policy chairman Syoichi Nakagawa, right-hand man to premier Shinzo Abe. "They have their own abilities and these should be fully exercised, for example in flower arranging, sewing, or cooking. It's not a matter of good or bad, but we need to accept reality that men and women are genetically different, " he said over breakfast in Tokyo. (2007/06/01) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/

38. 10 月１日、中山義活経済産業省政務官 が、アジア太平洋経済協力会議（ＡＰＥ Ｃ）中小企業相会合にあわせて岐阜で開 催された「女性企業家サミット」（ 21 カ国・地域から約 300 人参加）で、「日 本の女性は家庭で働くことを喜びとして いる」「（女性が家庭で働くのは）日本 の文化」と発言したと報じられていま す。

39. Man Woman Man Ａ B C D WORKSHEET QUESTION 4 Man or Woman (in terms of sex)? Man Mikawa Ken’ichi Takarazuka Review Kabuki IZAM from Shazna

40. Q5. Final Discussion Personal experiences: share stories with your group about incidents when you were told to act/behave in a certain way “because you are a women/girl” - How do these pressures and expectations differ from country to country (or generation to generation)?

41. 日本研究演習 ( 英語 ) Ａ Chris Burgess (1 号館 1308 研究室、内線 164) cburgess@tsuda.ac.jp / http://edu.tsuda.ac.jp/~cburgess

42. Homophobia in Japan Dec. 2010: Ishihara makes comments criticizing the representation of homosexuals in the media and categorizing lesbians and gay men as "deficient" and genetically lacking: “I feel sorry for them” 東京都の石原慎太郎知事は７日、同性愛者について「どこかやっ ぱり足りない感じがする。遺伝とかのせいでしょう。マイノリ ティーで気の毒ですよ」「テレビ なんかでも同性愛者の連中が 出てきて平気でやるでしょ。日本は野放図になり過ぎている」 「それをことさら売り物にし、ショーアップして、テレビのどう のこうのにするってのは、外国じゃ例がないね」「サンフランシ スコでゲイのパレードを見ましたけど、見てて本当に気の毒だと 思った。男のペア、女のペアあるけ ど、どこかやっぱり足りな い感じがする」と発言した。 (Mainichi Shimbun 2010/12/08)

43. Husbands do 17.6% of the housework on average / 40% cook Ｆｆｒｆｒ ｆｒｒｆｒ ｆｒｆｒｆ Ｆｆｒｆｒ ｆｒｆｒｆ “Cooking together seems to positively affect matrimonial harmony”… Daily Yomiuri 2012/04/23 p. 3

44. Japan falls to 101st place in gender equality rankings ( 男女平等度 日本１０１位） Japan came 101st in the World Economic Forum's 2012 global gender equality rankings announced Wednesday, down three places from last year. Japan was at the bottom among the Group of Eight major countries. The WEF rankings are compiled based on the group's survey on the gap between men and women in four categories — economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment. Thursday, Oct. 25, 2012

45. Japan 121 st in world for ratio of female legislators 特集編 : ポジティ ブ・アクションの 推進 ― 「 2020 年 30 ％」に向けて ― 2011 White Paper on Gender Equality

46. セクシュアルマイノリティの基礎 認識 あなたの性別は？ 男 女 身体の性別 戸籍上の性別 { } { } 心の性別（性自認） 生活上の社会的 文化的性別 性的指向 （恋愛・性愛の対象） 出典：佐倉智美 （ http://homepage3.nifty.com/tomorine3908/ ） http://homepage3.nifty.com/tomorine3908/ Sex Sexuality Gender

47. 伊藤悟

49. （ 2012 年 4 月 22 日 Daily Yomiuri ）

50. “Forty Years of Japanese Feminism: What It Has Achieved … and What It Has Not” (By Chizuko Ueno, Professor Emeritus, Tokyo University) Has the second wave of feminism improved women’s status in Japan? Chizuko Ueno discusses achievements and failures of the last 40 years, as well as the lingering effects of the March 11 Fukushima nuclear disaster and current nuclear politics, with a special focus on how these issues relate to women. April 22, 2013 (The 2013 Najita Distinguished Lecture in Japanese Studies) Click for video (1 hour)

51. Japan falls to 101st place in gender equality rankings ( 男女平等度 日本１０１位） Japan came 101st in the World Economic Forum's 2012 global gender equality rankings announced Wednesday, down three places from last year. Japan was at the bottom among the Group of Eight major countries. The WEF rankings are compiled based on the group's survey on the gap between men and women in four categories — economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival, and political empowerment. Thursday, Oct. 25, 2012

52. Most common terms for gay men (women?) in Japan （お） 釜 （お） 鍋 かま なべ The male homosexual is placed in the ‘female sphere’, in the kitchen…

53. Gender News….

54. US Lists “JK osanpo” as human trafficking ( 人身売買） The U.S. State Department’s annual report on human trafficking has cited “high school walking” in Japan as a recent trend in this area, and put the nation in Tier 2 「監視対象国」 of a four-tier ranking system (Tier 4 =worst). In high school walking, “girls are offered money to accompany men on walks, in cafes or to hotels, & engage in commercial sex,” the report said.

55. 女性都議に「産めないのか」 自民 ？議員席からセクハラヤジ (Sexist Heckling in Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly: “You’d better get married soon” 「自分が早く結婚すれば いい」「産めないのか」。 １８日の都議会で、妊娠、 出産、不妊に悩む女性への 支援の必要性を訴えた女性 都議に対し、議場からこん なヤジが飛び、所属会派が 抗議する騒ぎになった。 2014 年 6 月 19 日

56. http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/20/world/asia/japan-assembly-sexist- outburst/index.html?iid=article_sidebar

57. Tokyo assemblyman Suzuki admits heckling lawmaker with sexist remarks Akihiro Suzuki, 51, apologized to Your Party member Ayaka Shiomura, 35, and offered to quit the LDP, five days after interrupting her as she raised questions about maternity support measures. “You should get married first,” a heckler was heard calling out. “Can’t you have babies?” a voice continued. Suzuki admitted to making the first remark but denied making the second. Jun 23, 2014

58. 1 in 3 young men feel they may not be able to marry A survey by a life insurance company show that 1 in 3 Japanese men in their 20s think they may not be able to find a wife, with some 60 percent of these young lovelorn males citing economic insecurity as the main reason. Asked whether they think they can marry, only 27.8 percent said they want to marry and think they will, while 35.3 percent said they don‘t want to get married. Of those who would like to get married, 36.9 are afraid they won't. Tuesday, Nov. 13, 2012

59. 20% of young fathers put in 60-hour weeks 初産３０・１歳、「晩産」鮮明 … 少子化対 策白書 Nearly twenty percent of male employees in their 30s work more than 60 hours a week, making it difficult for them to participate in raising children, a 2013 government white paper on dealing with the low birthrate showed Tuesday. The average age of first marriages for women nationwide stood at 29, up 3.8 from 1980, and the average age of first-time mothers topped 30 for the first time Jun 25, 2013

60. 2% of fathers take child care leave The proportion of fathers who took child care leave in fiscal 2013 stood at 2.03%, (up 0.14%) far below the government-set target of 13% by 2020, the Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry said Monday. Meanwhile, the rate of mothers who took child care leave in fiscal 2013 declined 7.3 points to 76.3%, down for the second straight year, according to the ministry. June 24, 2014