1. Pride Campaign Barrier Removal Projects Viability and Potential Impacts Assessment Tool BRAVO: Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview DOLOK SURUNGAN WILDLIFE RESERVE Economics Technical Cultural/PoliticsImpacts& Metrics

2. BRAVO Score: BRAVO: Executive Summary (1 of 2) What: Large scale encroachment in protected forest by companies and lack of law enforcement have triggered small scale encroachments by local people who want to own land in the protected area. Reasons, such as customary-based land ownership claims and economic reasons, have been used to justify such encroachment activities. To stop the small scale encroachment activities, efforts should be taken to enforce the law and lawfully proceed the players behind large and medium scale encroachment activities. Such a strategy will serve as deterrent to any encroachment activity. It will also give obedience impacts to those willing to shift forest functions for their personal benefits. Conceptual model and qualitative data inquiries showed that weak law enforcement contribute to Dolok Surungan Wildlife Reserve (Suaka Margasatwa Dolok Surungan/SMDS) degradation. Who: Forest Police Rapid Reaction Force (Satuan Polisi Hutan Reaksi Cepat/SPORC ) of Leopard Brigade (Brigade Macan Tutul/BMT) is an elite forest police force within Forestry Department (Departemen Kehutanan) of North Sumatra Province. Personels of SPORC are selected forest police officers from Technical Implementation Unit (Unit Pelaksanaan Khusus/UPT) of Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (Direktorat Jenderal Perlindungan Hutan dan Konservasi Alam/PHKA) and local government (Pemerintah Daerah/Pemda). They are specially trained to deal with problems in forestry area. SPORC BMT commando is currently under Head of Natural Resources Conservation Agency with Higher Status (Balai Besar Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam/BBKSDA) of North Sumatra Province who acts as area coordinator. SPORC has the authority to conduct patrol, operation and arrest, confiscate evidences, investigate and inquire on forest related cases. Cases may be submitted directly by SPORC officer to attorney office (kejaksaan) at P.21 file case phase (tahap berkas perkara P.21). Such authority is similar to police authority and is specially applied in the forestry area. With the presence of such a force, law enforcement in SMDS should have worked well. However, problems in local law enforcement working area and priority scale with respect to funding issues have resulted in little attention from SPORC BMT on cases and issues within SMDS area. Feasibility Score: 3,55 Impact Score: 3,61

3. BRAVO: Executive Summary (2 of 2) When: SPORC activities are funded by Forestry Department. The funding is channeled through and is managed by BBKSDA of North Sumatra. Generally, all SPORC activities can be conducted when funding is released around March ever year according to the proposed budget submitted the year before. How: In 2003, SPORC has funding of…...........to conduct patrol activities…………….with working area in all district/city in North Sumatra and 23 conservation area within the authority of BBKSDA of North Sumatra Province. Pride program in SMSD is giving SPORC BMT reasons to pay attention to the problems in the area. SPORC activities in SMSD will provide law enforcement process and will initiate a sustainable resolution in the area. Starting from March 2009, SPORC will appeal to and distribute announcement to people and companies to leave the encroached area. Companies or those who believe that they have legal grounds may ask and have their cases reviewed. Those who refuse to leave and continue their activities in the protected area will be processed and be brought to attorney office.

4. Confidential Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 4 Criteria ExplanationScore Costs Preliminary projected costs Requesting phase (Tahap penghimbauan ) –Transport to/from location during preparation –Camping equipments –Lump sum for personnel Warning phase (I – III) –Transport to/from location during destroying phase (fase pemusnahan) –Logistics –Lump sum for personnel Summoning (Pemanggilan) –Transport Investigation and Inquiry Case guarding after P.21(Pengawalan Kasus setelah P. 21) Total average cost: Rp. 150,000,000,- Predictability of cost burden 1 = Costs are ambiguous and unpredictable; 4 = Costs are predictable and manageable Costs are required for patrol activities, operations, case proceedings and area recovery. The cost are based on standard payment (standar pagu yang ada ). 4 Average Score 4 BRAVO Dolok Surungan Details Economics (1 of 2)

5. Confidential Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 5 CriteriaExplanation Score Revenues Description of revenue streams Fundraising total: Rp. 100,000,000 Sources: DIPA BBKSDA North Sumatra, Forestry Department Earned income total: $ Sources: Percentage of total cost available 1: 0 – 25% 2: 25 – 50% 3: 50 – 75% 4: 75 – 100% The available funding for protecting and safeguarding area post in the Budget Implementation Plan (Daftar Isian Pelaksanaan Anggaran/DIPA) of BBKSDA North Sumatra, Budget 29 Year 2009 (Bagian Anggaran 29 Tahun Anggaran 2009 ), is Rp……………… 4 Likelihood of fundraising success 1 = Very low likelihood of raising the necessary funds; 4 = Likelihood of raising necessary funds almost a certainty SPORC BMT Commandant has committed to use the proposed funding for 10 patrols or operations in SMSD area. 4 Fundraising timing Funding should be readily available as promised by donor and government. Funding Alignment 1 = Funding timeline is not aligned with project timeline; 4 = Funding timeline is well-aligned with project timeline Operational funding of SPORC has so far worked in alignment with Pride schedule. Resources will soon be acquired, while some phases of activities are guaranteed to work this year. Next year budgeting will be proposed through funding proposal timeline which will start this year. 4 Sustainable Funding 1 = Unsustainable funding source; 4 = Very sustainable funding source Funding sustainability will be guaranteed each month if there is not any extraordinary situation as happened in 2008 when all departmental funding were cut and allocated for dealing with national disaster, or when there was imbalance in national budget as the result of oil price fluctuation, etc. 4 Profit/(Loss) Difference between Revenues and Costs Not relevant Average Score 4 BRAVO Dolok Surungan Details Economics (2 of 3)

6. Confidential Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 6 CriteriaExplanation Score IncomeSubstitution (ifapplicable) New income source relative to old income 1 = Income source is reduced by 20% or more; 4 = Income source is increased by 20% or more (Use 1-4 scale) If income substitution is a key barrier, and barrier removal involves providing an alternative form of income for community members, indicate whether or not the alternative income will exceed former source of income. Provide details on new income source and programs, infrastructure, and support that need to be in place to help secure alternative income source. 1-4 New income source sustainability 1 = New income source is unsustainable; 4 = Income source is highly sustainable (Use 1-4 scale) Describe details around the dependability of the alternative income and its sustainability in the long term. Provide details on the needed support, structures, organizations needed in order to increase probability of sustainable income from alternative income source. 1-4 Average Score 1-4 BRAVO Dolok Surungan Details Economics (3 of 3)

7. Confidential Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 7 Criteria Explanation Score Technology Attainability & Availability 1 = Technology and/or required assistance needed is unavailable; 4 = Technology is attainable and third-party assistance, if required, is available Forestry law enforcement techniques are attached to SPORC and their personnel. 4 Technology assistance 1 = Technology assistance is required, yet not available; 4 = Technology assistance is significant and available The team requires assistance from Directorate of Forest Protection and Conservation (Direktorat Perlindungan dan Pengamanan Hutan /PPH), Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (Ditjen Perlindungan Hutan and Konservasi Alam/PHKA) in Jakarta to raise SMDS issue to a higher level (national level) to generate more funding for SPORC activities. 4 Appropriate for circumstances 1 = Available technology is not appropriate for circumstances; 4 = Acquirable technology is suited for circumstances SPORC is a special team to deal with forestry cases in the field. Trainings of SPORC personnel at Training School for Comissioned Officer (Sekolah Calon Perwira/ SECAPA) of Indonesian Police (Polri) are in line with standard operating procedures in law enforcement within Polri. The presence of SPORC as part of Forestry Department has made it a special team that deals with forestry issues, including encroachment. 4 Average Score 4 BRAVO Dolok Surungan Details Technical (1 of 2)

8. Confidential Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 8 Criteria Explanation Score Capacity / Organizational Ability Barrier Removal Partner support 1 = BR Partner does not exist or is not willing to support the project; 4 = There exists a willing Barrier Removal Partner SPORC BMT and BBKSDA of North Sumatra Province are barrier removal partners and fully support the project. SPORC involvement in the project depends on the funding issue, but DIPA BBKSDA of North Sumatra 2009 has approved the requested funding for monthly patrol and operation costs. Commandant of SPORC BMT has stated his commitment to carry out the SPORC activities in SMSD with respect to funding availability. When possible, the funding may include other activity than patrolling SMSD. 4 Barrier Removal Partner’s ability to drive change 1 = BR Partner lacks a track record of driving behavior; 4 = BR partner has a proven track record of driving behavior SPORC BMT is a special force with competence and experience in its area. BBKSDA of North Sumatra, in charge with funding SPORC BMT activities, is a government agency. It has stated its commitment on the need to deal with problems that SMSD area is facing. However, there is always a possibility of leader replacement in the future that will raise issue on the body’s commitment and work priority. Other new priority that requires more urgent solution inside BBKSDA area may also be a reason for priority shifting. 4 Budget planning and cost efficient execution 1 = BR Partner has not demonstrated sufficient budget planning skills and cost efficient execution of plans; 4 = BR Partner has proven proficiency in budget planning and cost efficient execution of past plans Forestry Department’s budget allocation for SPORC activities in SMSD area is secured year by year. It is, however, difficult for a government agency to predict the capacity of future funding. 4 Average Score 4 Other Partners Other critical partners 1 = Other partners do not exist or will not be impactful 4 = Other partners are available and capable of assistance SPORC BMT has other partners that may help the law enforcement process in SMSD. They are Protection and Mapping Section (Seksi Perlindungan dan Perpetaan ), which structurally is under Technical Divisions of Natural Resources Conservation Agency (Bidang Tekhnis BKSDA) of BBKSDA North Sumatra and Communication Forum for Civil Investigator Officer (Forum Komunikasi Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil /FKPPNS). 3 Average Score 3 BRAVO Dolok Surungan Details Technical (2 of 2)

9. Confidential Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 9 Criteria ExplanationScore Community Leadership Leaders and influencers in the community 1 = Dearth of strong leaders and influencers in the community; 4 = Visible leaders with clout to drive behavior A trend among local leaders view is to follow community pragmatism in occupying land area. Offers to jointly manage the area with respect to conservation goals to support people’s economy (not primary income) may become a support catalyst to the leaders. Community supports can be generated when supports from community leaders are secured. 4 Leadership willingness to endorse 1 = Unwilling to get on board with project; 4 = Firm commitment from leadership to help drive change efforts Leaders’ willingness to support the program depend on their view about offers to manage the SMSD area post law enforcement and area recovery. Leaders are believed to have taken parts in medium scale encroachment activities and have currently secured a quite vast land area inside SMSD. Communications by campaign manager and agency leader with some community leaders have generated some (not full) supports to the program. One community leader with significant influence in the community has so far indicated that he refused the program and prefers dividing the protected area among people in the community. 2 Average Score 3 BRAVO Dolok Surungan Details Cultural/Political (1 of 2)

10. Confidential Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 10 Criteria Explanation Score Political Environment Current legislative and legal landscape 1 = Legislative and legal restrictions will hamper efforts; 4 = Legislative and legal framework will aid program Sustainable development trends and efforts to eradicate corruptions in Indonesia have supported law enforcement program in SMSD. Efforts to save conservation areas and actions against illegal logging cases in Indonesia by Indonesian Police and Forestry Department have created a favorable environment to start a similar process in SMSD. The highlighting of recent cases related to land use change in Bintan and South Sumatra, may serve as arguments to gather support from local government during 2009 elections. The anticipated effect is the possibility of a legislative candidate emergence who will provoke the community to take off the protected status of SMSD as his political commodity. 3 Ability to drive legislative change 1 = Lack of knowledge regarding political environment and unclear timeframe for advocacy; 4 = Depth of political knowledge and ability to push for appropriate changes within a given timeframe Efforts to develop issues in SMSD to higher and wider provincial and national level, are required to generate political and legislative supports for law enforcement efforts in SMSD. Such efforts may benefit from a wide campaign in national media for Pride campaign implementation. The efforts may also benefit from people in the community who do not encroach SMSD area and wish to voice the need to resolve the problems in SMSD. 3 Average Score 3 Values and Norms Assessment of norms 1 = Plan is unconcerned with political and cultural norms 4 = Plan assesses and takes into account the values and norms governing the political and cultural environment Pride Campaign Manager will carry out an extensive survey next week to view the political and cultural norms in SMSD, especially norms adopted by the biggest population, the Parmalim people. Survey findings will provide inputs to plan implementation phase, to ensure that all activities conducted were in line with the community social context. 3 Ability to address normative obstacles 1 = Normative obstacles are too formidable to be overcome; 4 = Obstacles are manageable and a clear tack to address them is employed Not Relevant NA Average Score 3 BRAVO Dolok Surungan Details Cultural/Political (2 of 2)

11. Confidential Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 11 Criteria Explanation Score Conservation Impact Likelihood of conservation impact 1 = Conservation impact is unlikely to be achieved; 4 = Conservation impact is very likely to be realized Once the land ‘owners’ in SMSD are driven out of the protected area, encroachment and land cultivation for palm oil and rubber plantation activities in SMSD area will decline. Law proceedings against business owners who encroached into SMSD in large scales will restore up to 1,000 hectares of forest area that have been converted into oil palm or rubber plantations. Intensive cultivations in the encroached area and plantation workers activities have driven wild animals, such as tapir and tiger away. In addition, plantation management that slash off lower vegetations and intensive use of fertilization have prevented the growth of complex ecosystems. The reinforcement of land status to its original function will be followed by ecosystem restoration efforts through ecosystem/area rehabilitation of SMSD. The rehabilitation process will begin with steps to destroy the disturbing plants (oil palm trees) and will be followed by reforestation. During reforestation phase, local tree species and other species that will benefit the community will be planted. 3 Impact sustainability 1 = The conservation impact goal is unlikely to be sustained in the long-term; 4 = The impact goal should be viable in the long-term If phases from law enforcement proceeding to reforestation phase may be conducted without significant disruptions, the whole process will bring some great impacts to the area. When all the restoration steps are conducted, it is very possible to sustainably maintain the area’s original function as wildlife reserve. 4 Average Score 3.5 BRAVO Dolok Surungan Details Impact and Metrics (1 of 2)

12. Confidential Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 12 Criteria Explanation Score Tipping Points 1 st Tipping Point The first tipping point are the commitments with similar vision of SPORC BMT Commandant, the area authorities (Conservation Section Area III and BKSDA Area II), and Technical Section of Natural Resources Conservation (Bidang Teknis KSDA) to implement and support law enforcement process in SMSD. Supports from the area authorities and skills of technical section are required to ensure a maximum result of the continuing strategy implementation in every phase (guliran strategi dalam pohon keputusan). The second tipping point is the implementation of continued law enforcement with respect to strategic plot within the ‘decision tree’ (pohon keputusan). A missing link during the strategy implementation phase may result in inadequacy of law enforcement result and campaign effect. The third tipping point are steps to ensure that land areas left by encroachment actors as the result of law enforcement proceedings or the effects to the community (remember, the main target of law enforcement proceedings are the business owner who generally ‘own’ larger area in SMSD area) will be restored to its original function as wildlife reserve. 4 2 nd Tipping Point 3 3 rd Tipping Point 3 Average Score 3.33 Metrics Measurable outcomes 1 = The program lacks clear metrics or are difficult to measure; 4 = The program has established clear, measureable metrics Conservation impacts of the program will be measured by the number of people leaving the encroached area and choose to attend trainings on land intensification or other economic alternative programs after the law enforcement process. The number of people who refuse to leave the encroached area and are lawfully processed cannot be used to measure the success of the program. Further conservation impacts may be generated by rehabilitating the encroached area with local species reforestation program. 4 Average Score 4 BRAVO Dolok Surungan Impact and Metrics (2 of 2)

13. Confidential Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 13 CategorySubcategoryScore Average Category Score Feasibility Economics Costs 4 4 Revenues 4 Income Substitution N/A Technical Technology 4 3.7 Capacity / Organizational Ability 4 Other Partners 3 Cultural / Political Community Leadership 3 3 Political Environment 3 Cultural Norms 3 Feasibility Score 3.55 Impact Impact and Metrics Conservation Impact 3.5 1-4 Tipping Points 3.33 Metrics 4 Impact Score 3.61 Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview (BRAVO) Composite Score

14. Confidential Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 14 BRAVO Dolok Surungan Details Risk Factors Risk FactorsConsequencesMitigation Strategies New priority, which is more important and extraordinary with respect to law enforcement in BBKSDA North Sumatra, emerges. Power concentration of SPORC force shift to other area and SMSD implementation program will not be maximum. To generate more permanent support by ensuring that chances of problem solving to issues in SMSD are greater and therefore SMSD program should be prioritized. Actions to provoke the community to halt law enforcement proceedings. Community develops collective rejection with regards to efforts to solve the problems in SMSD. This may develop risks of chaotic condition. To maintain intensive communications with community leaders who are willing to cooperate, and make the most of the factions in the community. To offer to the community a solution to jointly manage the area or possible access for non- timber resources within SMSD area. Budget channeling is blocked by budget cutting or budget revision. Problem solving process does not happen in the right order, and may even have to stop. Consequently, metrics cannot be filled. To find more funding resources to conduct law enforcement operation in minimum scale. To resume law enforcement process involving Indonesian Police, although the result will not be optimal.

15. Confidential Copyright © 2008 Monitor Company Group, L.P. — Confidential — XXXCAS-COD-Prez-Date-CTL 15 BRAVO Dolok Surungan Details Authors and Approvals Bobby NopandryBBKSDA North Sumatra (Area Staff KSDA Area II) Campaign Manager Amenson Girsang, SPSPORC Brigade Macan Tutul, Commandant Approved by: Bobby N