2. 421 MDS Course Course Director: Dr Asmaa Faden http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Asmaahttp://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Asmaa Faden Course Contributors: Prof. A AlDosari Dr M AlShawaf Dr A AlMobereek Dr Sally ElHaddad

3. Dental Diagnostic Skills

4. Diagnostic Method Is to distinguish, to identify a disease by an investigation of the signs & symptoms. Diagnose Is the process of evaluating the patient’s health, as well as the resulting opinions formulated by the clinician Diagnosis

5. Diagnostic Method Diagnosis Diagnosis means `through knowledge` and entails acquisition of data about the patient and their complaints using the senses: ObservingHearingTouching Smelling sometimes

6. Diagnostic Method The purpose of diagnosis is to be able to offer the most: * Effective and safe treatment * Accurate prognostication

7. Diagnostic Method Is the ART of using scientific knowledge to identify oral disease process & to distinguish one disease from another. Oral Diagnosis Is concerned with diagnosis & treatment, consultation, referral & other phases of patient management. It deals especially with the relation between oral & systemic diseases. Oral Medicine

8. Types of Diagnosis 1- Clinical Diagnosis 2- Pathological Diagnosis 3- Direct Diagnosis 4-Provisional (Working ) Diagnosis 5- Deductive Diagnosis 6- Differential Diagnosis 7- Diagnosis by exclusion 8- Diagnosis ex-juvantibus 9- Provocative Diagnosis

9. Types of Diagnosis History & Clinical Examination Clinical Diagnosis Pathological Diagnosis Observing pathognomonic features. E.g., Dentinogenesis imperfecta Direct Diagnosis Pathology results

10. Types of Diagnosis Initial diagnosis from which further investigation can be planned. Provisional Diagnosis Deductive Diagnosis The process of making a diagnosis by considering the similarities and differences between similar conditions Differential Diagnosis * After consideration of all facts from History, examination and investigation.

11. Types of Diagnosis Identification of a disease by excluding all other possible cause. Diagnosis By Exclusion Diagnosis ex-juvantibus Induction of a condition in order to establish a diagnosis. Rarely needed, except in Drug Reaction or allergies. Provocative Diagnosis * made on the results of response to treatment.

12. Diagnostic Method  Accurate diagnosis depends on systematic approach to unique diagnostic change posed by every patient.  The most effective approach is by applying scientific method to clinical decisions. Diagnostic Method

14. Diagnosis is made by the clinical examination, which comprise the: History, this offers the diagnosis in about 80% of cases Physical examination Investigations Sometimes

15. Types of Clinical Examinations 1- Comprehensive Dental Diagnosis 2- Re-call Diagnosis 3- Diagnosis of specific problem (SOAP) 4- Emergency Diagnosis 5- Screening Diagnosis

16. - It provides the diagnostic approach needed to compare the diagnostic finding exhibited by the patient with those of several diseases capable of producing the clinical findings. Differential Diagnosis

17. SKILL = The ability to do something well - A skill is a Process NOT an Aim (Getting the right answer is not the aim) Diagnostic Skills

18. The skills that the student should develop fall into two basic categories: I -Investigative Skills II - Analytical Skills

19. Diagnostic Skills a- Interrogatory (Questioning) Skills. b- Descriptive Skills. c- Summative Skills. I - Investigative Skills: Help to discover and name the problem/s with which the patient present.

20. Diagnostic Skills a- Interrogatory (Questioning) Skills. - How to ask the patient questions. - How to follow up with other questions, until you get the information you need. I - Investigative Skills:

21. Diagnostic Skills b- Descriptive Skills. - Allow to see accurately what you are looking at. - Notice what is important about what you are seeing. I - Investigative Skills:

22. Diagnostic Skills c- Summative Skills. - Allow to take in a large amount of information and weed out exactly what you need. - Then, decide what information is missing. - Also aid in making a brief summary statement of the problem that says what you need to say and NO more. I - Investigative Skills:

23. Diagnostic Skills The skills that the student should develop fall into two basic categories: I -Investigative Skills II - Analytical Skills

24. Diagnostic Skills - Help you to take the large amount of information you gather, compare it to a known body of information on diseases (causes of problems). - Then, decide on the most probable cause of the patients’ problem. II - Analytical Skills:

25. Diagnostic Skills - With good analytical skills you will know when you don’t have enough information to make a decision and what you have to do to get the information you need. - Deciding what to do to treat your patient once you know what is the cause of the problem. - Help in follow up the treatment and learn from the results. II - Analytical Skills:

26. Diagnostic Skills - The Goal of learning the Basic Diagnostic Skills is to develop skills with which the student can discover, analyze, diagnose, treat and follow up patient problem.

27. Diagnostic Skills 1- Elicit and interpret a patient’s chief complaint. 2- Describe and interpret oral soft tissue and hard tissue lesions in terms of Location, Color and Morphology as they appear on physical examination and on radiographs. Objectives:

28. Diagnostic Skills 3- Synthesize data from the chief complaint, history of the present illness, physical examination, medical and dental histories and other diagnostics tests to derive a pre-hypothesis statement of the patient’s problem and an initial hypothesis list (Differential Diagnosis) for the patient’s problem. Objectives:

29. Diagnostic Skills 4- Critically analyze data from texts and the literature and known information discovered from a patient to test (rule in OR rule out) elements in the initial hypothesis list (Differential Diagnosis). Objectives:

30. Diagnostic Skills 5- Decide how to determine a final diagnosis from the elements in the final differential diagnosis list. 6- Recommend treatment and follow up for patients whose problems you have analyzed. Objectives:

31. THANK YOU ANY QUESTION??