1. Sail Away Group #11 Members: Scott Donahoe Mike Lanteigne Wallace Barkhouse Blair MacKay Supervisor Jimmy Chuang

2. Content 1)Motivation and Competition 2) Design  Steering  Mast  Sail  Pontoons 3) Testing and Experiments

3. Motivation 1)Enjoyment of outdoors, kayaking and recreational activity 2)Renewable energy 3)Innovative idea 4)Interesting project involving many mechanical aspects that the group will enjoy designing, building and finally testing Retrieved from: “Sweet Clip Art” and “Clip art Graphics”

4. Competition 1)Cost 2)Versatility 3) Compatibility 4) Strength COMPARISON CRITERIA Retrieved from: “Triak Sports”

5. Safety

6. Criteria and Constraints Criteria: Constraints Safety Operate in seas-state three Withstand 20 knot winds Steering Mechanism Buoyant if flipped Easy transportation Raise and lower mast Materials corrosion resistant Retrieved from: “Observed Winds” Retrieved from: “Pelletier”

7. Mast Rear Mounted Rudder Dual Pontoon / Single Support Double Keel Rudder Rudder / Keel Dual Pontoon / Support Fixed Mast Removable Slide on Mast Curved Sail Fixed Mast Removable Slide on Mast Removable - Hinged Mast Mast Keel Rudder Sail Support PVC Aluminum Nylon Wood/Fiberglass Fiberglass PVC Pipe Aluminum Plastic Canvas Fiberglass Rudder Sail Stability Sail Away Mast Rudder Sail Stability Sail Away Flow Chart Rudder Sail Stability Pontoon Wood Aluminum

8. Rudder and Keel

9. Mast Design Removable Hinged Mast: Can be lowered and raised while sitting in kayak 1  2  3

10. Mast Calculations Weld Stress Approximated as a square beam: Weld stress too high to support mast Ribs will have to be installed Finite element analysis to be done with ribs Tube Stress Limited by bending load: 2 inch outer diameter ¼ inch wall thickness Stress = 43 MPa Max Yield = 55 MPa

11. Mast Mounting Bottom Hinge Mounted to Kayak: Bottom hinge plate mates to aluminum plate Aluminum plate mates to epoxy layer Epoxy layer mates to kayak Aluminum plate inside kayak Bolts run through whole assembly There may be an epoxy layer inside kayak to protect kayak frame Connecting Bolts Bottom Hinge Bracket Exterior Mounting Plate Epoxy Layer Interior Mounting Plate

12. Sail Design Hinge Mounted to Kayak: Custom made 8 feet by 4 feet 12 total attachment points -10 along mast -2 along boom Mast attachment points are not rigid and slide with sail. (Similar to shower curtain rings) Top mast attachment is a rope to pulley, rigged to the deck near user

13. Wind Load Calculations 1.4222 m x

14. Moment Experiment The objective of the this experiment was to determine the moment required to tip our loaded kayak. o A weight was applied a distance of 1 meter from the center of the kayak o The kayak would lean as weights were added

15. Pontoons Needed !!! Moment Results Retrieved from: “Desktop Wallpapers”, “Trendy Pictures”, “Free Clip Art”

16. Pontoon Sizing 1.4222 m 1.492 m

17. Pontoon Support Design 4’ Kayak A Dual pontoon dual support system was to stabilize the kayak This would allow the user to paddle and still maintain the center of gravity Four foot spacing was calculated using the paddle length and angle of paddle x y

18. Support Attachment The support is made of strapping welded to aluminum tubes on either side Each support will be attached to the kayak with four bolts and collars The support will be attached to the pontoons with modified C-clamps

19. Aluminum Mast Nylon Sail Aluminum Support Fiberglass Pontoons Plastic Rudder Cable to Lower mast Bracket to Lower Mast

20. Weight Experiment The kayak was loaded with different weights to determine how much weight the kayak could hold o The ultimate goal was to find the max weight the kayak could hold o The weight added would mimic the material that would have to be added o The weights were also distributed along the kayak

21. 315 Pounds Max Water Line Unloaded 175 Pounds 315 Pounds 230 Pounds

22. Speed Experiment Results and Conclusion o The kayak was faster when it was not loaded with the extra weight. o The loaded kayak was 17% slower o The decrease in speed was significant, but was expected because of the added weight o The actual decrease in speed will be different because of the drag of the keel. The speed of the kayak was tested when loaded with the extra weight (55 Pounds) and unloaded.

24. Further Considerations Stress Analysis: Finite element analysis should be done for all load bearing components Bottom of mast is weakest and therefore most important Falling mast is dangerous to user

25. Budget SystemCost Rudder and Keel399.98$ Mast227.60$ Sail230.00$ Outriggers344.20$ Kayak300.00$ Total1501.78$

26. References Seda - Rudder Options. N.d. Photograph. Seda- Strength, Speed, Spirit, Ensenada el Pescador, Baja Mexico. Web. 20 Nov 2011.. The triak - about the boat.. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.triaksports.com/ Black Sailboat Silhouette. N.d. Photograph. Sweet Clip ArtWeb. 4 Dec 2011. Free Kayak Clipart. N.d. Free Kayak Clipart. N.d. Photograph. Free Clipart GrpahicsWeb. 4 Dec 2011.. Wave Desktop Wallpapers. N.d. Photograph. Desktop WallpapersWeb. 4 Dec 2011.. Picture of Arrow. N.d. Photograph. Trendy PicturesWeb. 4 Dec 2011. <http://trendypicture.com/red- arrow/15251/arrow-20red-203d-jpg.html>. Wind Clip Art. N.d. Photograph. Free Clip ArtWeb. 4 Dec 2011.. Observed Winds. N.d. Photograph. Univeristy of IllinoisWeb. 4 Dec 2011.. Tammy Pelletier. When Do Ocean Waves Become 'Significant'? A Closer Look at Wave Forecasts. N.d. Photograph. Mariners Weather LogWeb. 4 Dec 2011. <http://www.vos.noaa.gov

27. Thank You Shell

28. Questions?