1. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Upgrade of INEEL Seismic Stations and Strong Motion Accelerographs to Digital Field Acquisition and Telemetry HOLLAND, A.A., PAYNE, S.J., BERG, R.G., HODGES, J.M. May 2003

2. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Objectives Replace analog technology due to rising costs Generate an up-gradable off-the shelf system for INEEL seismic monitoring Implement digital telemetry to eliminate analog radio noise. Improve accuracy of amplitude measurements from seismic monitoring systems

3. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory INEEL Seismic Monitoring Program

4. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory System Components at Seismic Stations Analog Seismic Station –Typical short-period system with amplifiers, ±5 Volt VCO’s and 400 MHz telemetry and central 16 bit CUSP acquisition –Sensors: Teledyne Geotech Models S13 & S13J, Mark Products L4C, and OYO HS-10-B Digital Seismic Stations –DAQSystems NetDAS Acquisition Unit –Amplifiers for short-period seismometers (second year of effort) –Freewave 900 MHz wireless modems –In-house communication specific controller boards –Sensors: Teledyne Geotech Models S13 & S13J, Mark Products L4C, and Applied MEMS SF1500A, SF2500A, & SF3000L tri-axial accelerometers

5. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory DAQSystems NetDAS Units Industrial PC-104 computer Independent 24-bit sigma-delta ADC –4 Channel ±20 Volts –8 Channel ±10 Volts Network based acquisition software and embedded LINUX operating system GPS time stamp to an accuracy of 0.001s Continuous or triggered recording to compact flash User defined acquisition rates

6. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Benefits: –Less radios & antennas –Better management of bandwidth Problem: –Error rates were to great to run in the field –Even though lab testing was fine Solution –Switched radios to the point-to-point mode –Added radios and serial cards to downstream NetDAS units –Communication method and network routing supported by LINUX operating system Attempted to operate radios in TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) mode –controlled by the NetDAS acquisition software Digital Telemetry Challenges

7. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Assorted Difficulties Other Issues associated with digital telemetry –Effects of adverse atmospheric conditions more apparent –Limited number of frequency channels for different links Acquisition units would stop communicating over serial port, but would indicate proper operation –Installed a custom board which watches for data packets if none are seen the system is rebooted –Used pager system to send reboot command to remote seismic station System sensitivity was reduced compared to analog system –Installed 40 dB analog amplifiers to short period seismometers Greater power consumption than analog systems –Added battery and solar panel to each station

8. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Spread Spectrum Radios Up to 60 km line of sight and 115.2 kbps Field NetDAS Generate network data packets Continually requests PPP connection Hub NetDAS Accepts PPP connections Routes network data packets Backup triggering, communication control, and debugging Earthworm realtime processing, data conversion and exchange SEISAN post- processing and interactive analysis

9. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory

12. Benefits of Upgrade Increased dynamic range from 60 to >90 dB for high-gain short-period sensors Cost and time effective solution for INEEL Improved accuracy for instrument response and corresponding amplitude measurements Allows recording of acceleration data at remote seismic stations Two-way communication with field sites Backup for real-time system by recording data at seismic station

13. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Continuing Work Installing NetDAS Strong Motion Accelerographs at INEEL facilities Automatic instrument correction applied to routine data analysis

14. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory A Few Formalities This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for Environmental Management, under DOE Idaho Operations Office Contract DE ‑ AC07 ‑ 99ID13727. References herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the U.S. Government, any agency thereof, or any company affiliated with the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory.

15. Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory