1. The Octet rule of bonding
Rule of eight
The Octet rule of bonding 1

2. ChemCatalyst
Only certain combinations of elements result in the formation of compounds.
Li, lithium, will react with F, fluorine, to form LiF, but it won’t form LiF2 or LiF3.
Mg, magnesium will react with F to form MgF2, but it won’t form MgF or MgF3.
Explain what you think is going on.
Unit 1 • Investigation V 2

3. The Big Question
What determines how two elements will combine to a stable compound?
Unit 1 • Investigation V 3

4. Rule of eight
Octet Rule: Ionic compounds tend to form from atoms that together have a total of 8 (or a multiple of 8) electrons in their outermost (valence) shells. This gives each ion a valence electron configuration identical to a noble gas and makes them very stable.
2nd requirement: There must be at least 1 cation and 1 anion in each compound
Unit 1 • Investigation V 4

5. AL2O3

6. Handout instructions Name on handout
Fill out all empty spaces in chart (valence electrons, Compound formula)
Write Cation, Anion name (Noble gas configuration) in 1st and 3rd columns

7. total # of valence electrons
Activity
Element 1
(metal, cation)
# of valence electrons
Element 2
(nonmetal, anion)
# of valence electrons
compound
total # of valence electrons Na 1 F 7
NaF
sodium fluoride 8 Mg O
MgO
magnesium oxide 2 Cl
MgCl2
magnesium chloride 16 Ne
neon Be
BeF2
beryllium fluoride
Unit 1 • Investigation V 7

8. total # of valence electrons
Element 1
(metal, cation)
# of valence electrons
Element 2
(nonmetal, anion)
# of valence electrons
compound
total # of valence electrons
MgS
magnesium sulfide
CaCl2
calcium chloride Na Br K Se Al N O
Al2O3
aluminum oxide F
Unit 1 • Investigation V 8

9. Check-In
What elements will combine with Sr, strontium, in a one-to-one ratio?
Unit 1 • Investigation V 9

10. Wrap-Up
Elements react to form compounds in such a way as to result in 8 electrons in their outermost (valence) shell (or a multiple of eight).
Compounds with eight valence electrons are very stable.
Noble gases already have eight valence electrons and don’t combine with other elements to make new compounds. They are already very stable.
Unit 1 • Investigation V 10

11. Octet Rule and its use in forming compunds
Second part of lab
Octet Rule and its use in forming compunds 11

12. DISTRIBUTE THE SALTY EIGHT CARDS
Discuss information shown on the card
DISTRIBUTE THE SALTY EIGHT CARDS

13. Definition of a salt
An ionic compound formed by acting a acid with a base
Examples include NaCl, KCl, CuSO4

14. ChemCatalyst
List the compounds you can make with pairs of cards of two different elements.
List the compounds you can make with three cards and only two different elements.
Unit 1 • Investigation V 14

15. The Big Question
What salts can be formed by combining a metal and a non-metal?
Unit 1 • Investigation V 15

16. You will be able to:
Apply the octet rule.
Unit 1 • Investigation V 16

17. Procedure Divide up into groups of 4 Get a deck of salty eight cards
Play game

18. Activity Rules for Salty Eights:
The point of the game is to make compounds and to be the first to play all of the cards in your hand. These compounds can have two or three or more cards in them, but they can only have two different elements. The game ends when a player uses up all of the cards in his or her hand making compounds.
(cont.)
Unit 1 • Investigation V 18

19. Shuffle the deck as best as possible. Deal eight cards to each player.
(Game Sequence)
Shuffle the deck as best as possible.
Deal eight cards to each player.
The player to the left of the dealer plays first.
Using at least two cards from your hand, try to make one compound – the valence electrons must add up to eight or a multiple of eight. You must have at least one pink card and one blue card with each compound noble gases—green cards—are an exception and can be played singly
(cont.)
Unit 1 • Investigation V 19

20. (cont.)
You must play every turn. In other words you must make one compound each time it is your turn. If you cannot make a compound you must draw from the draw pile until you can put down a compound.
When you form a compound during your turn simply place those cards on the table in front of you.
(cont.)
Unit 1 • Investigation V 20

21. A player gets 20 points for going out first.
(cont.)
Play proceeds around the circle until a player uses up all of his or her cards.
A player gets 20 points for going out first.
Wild cards can be used as any element in that particular group (Wild cards only exist for Groups 1 and 7). The player must identify which element a wild card represents at the time it is played.
(cont.)
Unit 1 • Investigation V 21

22. Card/Play Values Card/ Card Combination/ Play option Point value
Place a noble gas card
5 points
Form a compound out of 2 cards
10 points
Form a compound out of 3 cards
40 points
Form a compound out of 4 cards
70 points
Form a compound out of 5 cards
100 points
Going out first (have formed compounds with all cards)
20 points

23. Scoring
Scoring:
Every compound played on the table is worth points. The cards left in a person’s hand are subtracted.
Any player with cards left in his or her hand must count up the number of valence electrons and subtract them from his or her total.
(cont.)
Unit 1 • Investigation V 23

24. Metal Cation Nonmetal Anion Compound Formula Compound Name Point value
Total
Unit 1 • Investigation V 24

25. Must complete chart as proof
Tournament time
Must complete chart as proof

26. Check-In Which of the following compounds are likely to form? (a) Na2S
(b) K2Mg
(c) AlBr2
(d) Na3N
(e) OCl
(f) CaMgO2
Unit 1 • Investigation V 26

27. Wrap-Up
Ionic compounds tend to form from atoms that together have a total of 8 (or a multiple of 8) electrons in their outermost (valence) shells
Compounds with eight valence electrons are highly stable.
Noble gases already have eight valence electrons and don’t combine with other elements to make new compounds. They are already highly stable.
Unit 1 • Investigation V 27