1. Long term use Mobile Phone and Brain Tumor Risk Presented to Prof. Dr. Eduard Heindl By Swapna Nelli

2. Agenda Introduction Radiation cause Brain Tumors Case control study in Sweden Health Hazard linked to Cell phone use Helpful proposal to Mobile phone users Conclusion 2

3. Introduction Population of the world 7.018 billion Mobile phone users 4.6 billion Advantages Is there any health risk of using mobile phones? 3

4. Radiation cause Brain Tumors 4 Exposures are from X-rays, A-bombs, radioactivity Only “known” environmental cause of brain tumors (since 1974 or earlier) Energy sufficient to break molecular bonds For example, DNA Broken DNA creates free radicals –Free radicals cause further DNA damage thought to cause cancer Ionizing Radiation

5. Radiation cause Brain Tumors 5 Ionizing Radiation Increased risk of brain tumors Age: Children at greater risk than adults –Risk increases with power (Watts) –Risk increases with time Excess risk, 30 or more years (all ages) Brain Cancer: double Meningioma: 70% Latency time (from exposure to diagnosis) Brain Cancer: 20 to 30 years Meningioma: 30-40 years

6. Radiation cause Brain Tumors Exposures from cellphones, cordless phones, walkie-talkies, baby monitors Risk of brain tumors Energy cannot break molecular bonds Creates free radicals; increases lifetime of free radicals 6 Non-ionizing Radiation: Wireless Phones

7. Radiation cause Brain Tumors 7 Increased risk of brain tumors Age: Younger have higher risk Greater than 5 years of cell phone use –70+% for 20-29 years olds (7 cases, 94.8% confidence) –35% for all ages, 20-80 years (160 cases, 97% confidence) –Risk increases with power (Watts) –Risk increases with time Tumor on same side of head as where digital cell phone was used 26+% increased risk of brain cancer (97 cases, 99.91% confidence) Latency time Much shorter latency time than ionizing radiation Non-ionizing Radiation: Wireless Phones

8. Case control study in Sweden Introduction Late 1980’s Stefan Lönn, Anders Ahlbom, Per Hall, Maria Feychting and the Swedish Interphone Study Group Materials and Methods Case ascertainment Control selection Data collection Classification of exposure Statistical analysis 8

9. Case control study in Sweden 9

10. The odds ratio was 0.8 (95% confidence interval: 0.6, 1.0) for Glioma and 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 0.9) for Meningioma. No studies to date have had an exposure time long enough to properly address the potential adverse late health effects of mobile phone use. Tumor depends on not only the duration of call as well the type of phone, age of the person gendor of the person and place also 10 Outcome of case-control study

11. Health Hazard linked to Cell phone use Harm your blood cells Damage your DNA Cause nerve-cell damage Possibly accelerate and contribute to onset of autism, and trigger Alzheimer’s disease Damage your eyes Cause sleep disruptions, fatigue and headaches Contribute to salivary gland tumors Cause decreased bone density in the pelvic region Lead to electromagnetic hypersensitivity Affect your heart rate and blood pressure 11

12. Helpful proposal to Mobile phone users Limit the use of cell phones Children should not be allowed to use a cell phone Do not put the cell phone in a pocket or a belt Do not use the cell phone in enclosed metal spaces Do not make a call when the signal strength is weak Do not use the cell phone when battery is low Purchase a phone with a low SAR Use text instead of talk Use landlines Keep cell phone off most of the time 12

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14. References J.C. Lin (ed.), Advances in Electromagnetic Fields in Living Systems, Health Effects of Cell Phone Radiation, Volume 5 http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/161/6/526.full http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs193/en/ http://occmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/57/7/518.full.pdf+html http://mobile-devices-phones.knoji.com/how-to-reduce-the-risk-of-vulnerable- to-longterm-damage-to-our-health-with-cell-phone-usage/ http://www.psrast.org/mobileng/mobilstarteng.htm Sadetzki et al. Long-Term Follow-up for Brain Tumor Development after Childhood Exposure to Ionizing Radiation for Tinea Capitis; RADIATION RESEARCH 163, 424–432 (2005) Hardell et al., Pooled analysis of two case-control studies on the use of cellular and cordless telephones and the risk of benign brain tumours diagnosed during 1997-2003; INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 28: 509-518, 2006 Hardell et al., Case–control study of the association between the use of cellular and cordless telephones and malignant brain tumors diagnosed during 2000–2003; Environ Res. 2006 Feb;100(2):232-41 14

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