1. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 22 School-Age Children and Adolescents

2. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins School: Child’s Work Children and adolescents spend most of their waking hours in school. Their academic success can predict future education, employment, and income. The quality of their educational experiences (e.g., teacher–child interactions) can influence learning (Pianta, Belsky, Vandergrift, Houts, & Morrison, 2008; Quan-McGimpsey, 2011). These children are the parents, workers, leaders, and decision makers of tomorrow, and their future success depends in good measure on achievement of their educational goals today. Child health has been linked to school success—healthy children are found to be more motivated and prepared to learn (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention [CDC], 2008a; Pati et al., 2009), and coordinated school health programs are linked to academic achievement (Murray, Low, Hollis, Cross, & Davis, 2007). This is well-known to school nurses and public health nurses (PHNs) working in schools.

3. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Problems of School-Age Children Chronic diseases –Asthma –Autism –Diabetes –Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis –Seizure disorders Childhood cancers (leading cause of death ages 1–14 years)

4. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Problems of School-Age Children (cont.) Behavioral and learning problems –Learning disabilities –ADHD –Behavioral and emotional problems –Disabled children Problems associated with economic status (lead poisoning, iron deficiency anemia, increased susceptibility to illness)

5. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement True or False? Learning disabilities are a major chronic disease affecting children.

6. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: Although learning disabilities can be lifelong, they are considered a behavior or learning problem, not a chronic disease.

7. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Problems of School-Age Children (cont.) Death from injuries –Motor vehicle/traffic injury, drowning, fire/burns: ages 1 to 9 years –Motor vehicle/traffic injury, drowning, poisoning: ages 10 to 19 years –Suicides with firearms: ages 10 to 19 years Communicable diseases Head lice Other health problems: undernutrition, poor dental health, obesity, inactivity

8. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Adolescent Health and Health Problems Emotional problems and teenage suicide (third cause of death) Violence Substance abuse Teen sexuality and pregnancy Sexually transmitted diseases or infections Acne Poor nutrition and eating disorders

9. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Services for School-Age Children and Adolescents Prevention programs –Immunizations –TB testing –Education and social services (basic services, parental support services, family planning services, STD services, risk reduction services, peer education)

10. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Services for School-Age Children and Adolescents (cont.)

11. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Services for School-Age Children and Adolescents (cont.)

12. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement True or False? Poisoning is a major cause of death in children between the ages of 1 to 9 years.

13. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: In children between the ages of 1 and 9 years, motor vehicle/traffic injury, drowning, and fire/burns are the leading cause of death. For those between 10 and 19 years of age, the major causes of death include motor vehicle/traffic injury, drowning, and poisoning.

14. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Services for School-Age Children and Adolescents (cont.) Health protection –Safety and injury prevention –Infectious diseases –Child protective services –Oral hygiene and dental care

15. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Services for School-Age Children and Adolescents (cont.) Health promotion programs –Nutritional programs –Weight control programs

16. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Is the following statement True or False? For teenagers, suicide accounts for few deaths.

17. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Rationale: Teenage suicide is the third cause of death for this age group.

18. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Healthy People 2020: Adolescents Barriers to goals: Risk-taking behaviors –Accidents –Binge drinking –Tobacco, drug and alcohol use Mental health issues Limited contact with health care system Sexual activity

19. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health Services Preventive health programs –Immunizations and TB testing –Education and social services Health protection programs –Safety and injury prevention –Infectious diseases –Child protective services –Oral hygiene and dental care Health promotion −Nutrition and exercise

20. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Internet Resources Child Behavior & How Parents Can Change Behaviors –http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/children/paren ts/behavior/201.printerview.htmlhttp://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/children/paren ts/behavior/201.printerview.html Drug Abuse Prevention Guide –http://www.drugabuse.gov/pdf/prevention/RedBook.pdfhttp://www.drugabuse.gov/pdf/prevention/RedBook.pdf Food Allergies –http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodAllergens/default.ht mhttp://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodAllergens/default.ht m Foundation for a Smokefree America –http://www.tobaccofree.org/http://www.tobaccofree.org/ Injury Prevention Program (children 12 and under) –http://www.cdc.gov/safechild/pdf/National_Action_Plan_for_C hild_Injury_Prevention.pdfhttp://www.cdc.gov/safechild/pdf/National_Action_Plan_for_C hild_Injury_Prevention.pdf

21. Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins End of Presentation