1. Plot is the literary element that describes the structure of a story. It shows the a causal arrangement of events and actions within a story. Teaching Plot Structure Through Short Stories

2. Types of Linear Plots Plots can be told in Chronological order Flashback In media res (in the middle of things) when the story starts in the middle of the action without exposition

3. Pyramid Plot Structure The most basic and traditional form of plot is pyramid- shaped. This structure has been described in more detail by Aristotle and by Gustav Freytag.

4. Aristotle’s Unified Plot The basic triangle-shaped plot structure was described by Aristotle in 350 BCE. Aristotle used the beginning, middle, and end structure to describe a story that moved along a linear path, following a chain of cause and effect as it works toward the solution of a conflict or crisis.

5. Freytag’s Plot Structure Freytag modified Aristotle’s system by adding a rising action (or complication) and a falling action to the structure. Freytag used the five-part design shown above to describe a story’s plot.

6. Modified Plot Structure Freytag’s Pyramid is often modified so that it extends slightly before and after the primary rising and falling action. You might think of this part of the chart as similar to the warm-up and cool-down for the story.

7. Plot Components Exposition: the start of the story, the situation before the action starts Rising Action: the series of conflicts and crisis in the story that lead to the climax Climax: the turning point, the most intense moment—either mentally or in action Falling Action: all of the action which follows the climax Resolution: the conclusion, the tying together of all of the threads

8. Knowing the components of Plot Structure can help you write a concise and effective Summary!!

9. What is Summarizing? Comprehension: To reduce information to essential ideas in order to: – Understand and learn important information Communication: To reduce information to essential ideas in order to: –Expand the breadth or depth of your writing

10. The Midas Touch

11. M Main idea: Identify main idea from TOPIC SENTENCE (if there is one) or use BASIC SIGNAL WORDS I Identify SUPPORTING DETAILS D Disregard unimportant information A Analyze redundant information S Simplify, categorize, and label important information

12. Establishing a Focus… The main idea is the most important information or concept in a text or statement. –Not all information is equal: some of it clearly is more important than the rest.

13. Use Basic Signal Words WHO? (subject) WHAT? (action) WHERE? (location) WHEN? (time) WHY? (reason) HOW? (process)