1. Dan Minchin Marine Organism Investigations, Ireland Coastal Research and Planning Institute, University of Klaipeda, Lithuania, September/ November 2013

2. Rhophilema esculenta Salted and sun-dried mantle Appreciated in Asia Normally pre-cut Needs to be soaked in warm water for several hours and does not then need cooking

3. Palolo worm, S Pacific Up to 30cm in length Night swarm on a full moon Lives in shallow coral reefs Eaten raw, fried, roasted

4. Collected for food and thread No longer exploited Many damaged by dredges Some sea stories of the ‘hair’

5. Snails Shell collectors buttons Jewellery Epicure food

6. Oysters, scallops, mussels Shell collectors Logos, hereldary Pilgrims Human food Medicinal (joint pain) Angling bait Lingerie

7. Pearls Freshwater and marine Snails and bivalves

8. Worlds largest 6.3kgs and valued at $3.5 million Most expensive the Baroda necklace ~$7-9 million Perfect pearls >12mm valuable Fresh water pearls least valuable Pearl grading for value AAA-D

9. Cuttlefish Cuttle ‘bones’ for caged birds Molds for metalwork Jewellery patterning

10. Crabs, lobsters, shrimp Sold cooked and fresh Tinned products Aquarium products Chinese medicine mysids (depressive disorders)

11. Sea-urchins Gonads eaten Used as table lamps, jewellery, bottles

12. Sea-cucumber (sea ginseng) Skin products Chinese medicine (blood pressure, joint pain in pot-bellied pigs) Food

13. Starfish/ sea star Mainly used as a logo Dried specimens Aquarium industry “The more brightly lit a Chinese restaurant is, the higher the prices?”

14. Sea squirts/ tunicates New medical products? Food, cultivated Halocynthia roretzi

15. Scales ‘Pearl’ essence in nail polish & lipstick Drink coasters Bowls

16. Bones Plant fertilizer Gelatin from fish-bone waste Jewellery

17. Fish air bladders Clearing agent, isinglass Repairing parchment

18. High in collagen Questionable sustainability of fishery

19. Swordhandle grips Sandpaper Scabbards Belts Wallets

20. Lamps Vitamens Contrversial use with vaccines Watch oil Lamp oil Hemorrhoid treatment

21. Sushi products Tuna and salmon mainly Note: salmon poisoning can occur in dogs eating raw fish

22. Some fish eggs are poisonous (Furman et al. 1970. Toxicon 8(1): 55-61) Clockwise Flying fish Cod Sturgeon Salmon Lumpfish Herring

23. Living rocks Biological filter Assimilation of wastes Provides hiding spaces Coralline algae Corals Anemones Tubeworms

24. Freshwater fishes Genetic modification Selected morphology Aggressive Unusual behaviour Extinct in the wild

25. Marine fishes Mainly tropical Some in cultivation Chinese medicine Some toxic Some endangered

26. Oxygenating plants Some expanding their range outside of aquaria

28. SpeciesRangeTreatment Digenea simplexWorldwide tropical and Mediterranean climates Purge intestinal worms Fucus sppTemperate regionsIn steam baths for rhumatism Palmaria palmataTemperate to tropical climates worldwide Treating colds Alaria sppBoreal and Temperate northern hemisphere Increase skin tone Laminaria sppBoreal and Temperate northern hemisphere Lowers blood pressure Cryptosiphonia woodii North PacificSuppresses herpes virus

29. SpeciesRangeTreatment Bugula neritinaworldwidePossible anti-cancer agent Limulus polyphemus North America and Asia Reduces bacterial contamination in vaccines Dermochelys coriacea Worlds oceansRhumatisim Stichopus spp.Widely distributedAnti-inflamatory compounds present HippocampusWidely distributedChinese medicine: kidney ailments and incontinence

30. Brine shrimp Unicellular algae Industrial fishes Shrimp shell powder

31. Food Stabaliser Fertilizer Rubbing compounds (polish) Pest control Filter Sewage treatment Soil conditioning Adhesives Laxatives