1. Pediatric Scoliosis OMT Module American College of Osteopathic Pediatricians Robert Hostoffer, DO,FACOP, FAAP edited by Eric Hegybeli, DO, FACOP

2. Background: Andrew Taylor Still, was born in Virginia in 1828, the son of a Methodist minister and physician. At an early age, Still decided to follow in his father's footsteps as a physician. After studying medicine and serving an apprenticeship under his father, Still became a licensed M.D. in the state of Missouri. Later, in the early 1860's, he completed additional coursework at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Kansas City, Missouri. He went on to serve as a surgeon in the Union Army during the Civil War.

3. Background: After the Civil War and following the death of three of his children from spinal meningitis in 1864, Still concluded that the orthodox medical practices of his day were frequently ineffective, and sometimes harmful. He devoted the next ten years of his life to studying the human body and finding better ways to treat disease.

4. Background: His research and clinical observations led him to believe that the musculoskeletal system played a vital role in health and disease and that the body contained all of the elements needed to maintain health, if properly stimulated. Still believed that by correcting problems in the body's structure, through the use of manual techniques now known as osteopathic manipulative treatment, the body's ability to function and to heal itself could be greatly improved. He also promoted the idea of preventive medicine and endorsed the philosophy that physicians should focus on treating the whole patient, rather than just the disease. http://www.aacom.org/OM/history.html

5. Toddler and Children OMT

8. Classification of Scolosis Nonstructural scoliosis – postural scoliosis – compensatory scoliosis

9. Transient Structural Scoliosis – sciatic scoliosis – hysterical scoliosis> – inflammatory scoliosis

10. Structural Scolosis – idiopathic (70 - 80 % of all cases) – congenital – neuromuscular poliomyelitis cerebral palsy syringomyelia muscular dystrophy amyotonia congenita Friedreich's ataxia – neurofibromatosis – mesenchymal disorders Marfan's syndrome Morquio's syndrome rheumatoid arthritis osteogenesis imperfecta certain dwarves – trauma fractures irradiation surgery

12. Types of Curves

13. Cobb’s Angle

14. Vertebral Maturation

16. Maturation of iliac crest

18. Osteopathic Considerations Type II (non-neutral) mechanics occur at the transitional areas between the spinal curves In scoliosis, flexed vertebral dysfunctions are typically found in the lumbar region; extended dysfunctions in the thoracic region Scoliosis usually is not secondary to a short leg

19. Osteopathic Considerations - Treatment *Infantile scoliosis can be treated fairly effectively by addressing the occiput (usually with cranial), cervicothoracic and sacroiliac areas *Treatment of older patients is focused on mobilizing restricted areas with OMT, stretching tightened tissues on the convex side, strengthening weak muscles on the concave side and correcting posture

20. Shoulder Leveling

21. Demonstrate the procedure on patient in front of director

22. Scapular leveling

23. Demonstrate the procedure on patient in front of director

24. Pelvic Leveling

25. Demonstrate the procedure on patient in front of director

26. Spinal Inspection

27. Demonstrate the procedure on patient in front of director

28. Bending Test

29. Demonstrate the procedure on patient in front of director

30. Innervation Table Organ/SystemParasympatheticSympatheticAnt. Chapman's Post. Chapman's EENTCr Nerves (III, VII, IX, X) T1-T4T1-4, 2 nd ICSSuboccipital HeartVagus (CN X)T1-T4T1-4 on L, T2-3 T3 sp process RespiratoryVagus (CN X)T2-T73 rd & 4 th ICST3-5 sp process EsophagusVagus (CN X)T2-T8--- ForegutVagus (CN X)T5-T9 (Greater Splanchnic)--- StomachVagus (CN X)T5-T9 (Greater Splanchnic)5 th -6 th ICS on L T6-7 on L LiverVagus (CN X)T5-T9 (Greater Splanchnic)Rib 5 on RT5-6 GallbladderVagus (CN X)T5-T9 (Greater Splanchnic)Rib 6 on RT6 SpleenVagus (CN X)T5-T9 (Greater Splanchnic)Rib 7 on LT7 PancreasVagus (CN X)T5-T9 (Greater Splanchnic), T9- T12 (Lesser Splanchnic) Rib 7 on RT7 MidgutVagus (CN X)Thoracic Splanchnics (Lesser)--- Small IntestineVagus (CN X)T9-T11 (Lesser Splanchnic)Ribs 9-11T8-10 Appendix T12Tip of 12 th RibT11-12 on R HindgutPelvic Splanchnics (S2- 4) Lumbar (Least) Splanchnics--- Ascending Colon Vagus (CN X)T9-T11 (Lesser Splanchnic)R Femur @ hip T10-11 Transverse Colon Vagus (CN X)T9-T11 (Lesser Splanchnic)Near Knees--- Descending ColonPelvic Splanchnic (S2-4)Least SplanchnicL Femur @ hipT12-L2 Colon & RectumPelvic Splanchnics (S2- 4) T8-L2---

31. Print out the answer sheet to use with the following questions.

32. Circle the correct answer and review with director: Question1: A, B, C, D, E. Question2: A, B, C, D, E. Question3: A, B, C, D, E.

33. Question: 1. Inflammatory Scoliosis is considered a: A. Transient scoliosis B. Structural C. Idiopathic D. Neurogenic E. NonStructural

34. 2. All of the following are causes of structural scoliosis except: A. Wedge vertabrae B. Hemivertebrae C. Congenital Bar D. Block vertebra E. Circular wedge

35. 3. All are curves found in scoliosis except: A. Thoracic curve B Cervico/thoracic curve C. Lumbar curve D. Double major curve E. Thoraco/lumbar curve

36. Certificate of Completion I, _________________________, successfully completed the Pediatric OMT Module on __ __ 20__ Signatures: Pediatric Resident ____________________ Pediatric Residency Director____________ ( Please print and give to program director.)

37. Congratulations