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Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 14.15 – 14.32 Seventh Edition.

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Presentation on theme: "Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 14.15 – 14.32 Seventh Edition."— Presentation transcript:

1 Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 14.15 – 14.32 Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Body Metabolism Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook

2 Stomach Anatomy Slide 14.15a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity  Food enters at the cardioesophageal sphincter

3 Stomach Anatomy Slide 14.15b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Regions of the stomach  Cardiac region – near the heart  Fundus  Body  Phylorus – funnel-shaped terminal end  Food empties into the small intestine at the pyloric sphincter

4 Stomach Anatomy Slide 14.16a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Rugae – internal folds of the mucosa  External regions  Lesser curvature  Greater curvature

5 Stomach Anatomy Slide 14.16b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Layers of peritoneum attached to the stomach  Lesser omentum – attaches the liver to the lesser curvature  Greater omentum – attaches the greater curvature to the posterior body wall  Contains fat to insulate, cushion, and protect abdominal organs

6 Stomach Anatomy Slide 14.17 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.4a

7 Stomach Functions Slide 14.18 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Acts as a storage tank for food  Site of food breakdown  Chemical breakdown of protein begins  Delivers chyme (processed food) to the small intestine

8 Specialized Mucosa of the Stomach Slide 14.19 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Simple columnar epithelium  Mucous neck cells – produce a sticky alkaline mucus  Gastric glands – secrete gastric juice  Chief cells – produce protein-digesting enzymes (pepsinogens)  Parietal cells – produce hydrochloric acid  Endocrine cells – produce gastrin

9 Structure of the Stomach Mucosa Slide 14.20a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Gastric pits formed by folded mucosa  Glands and specialized cells are in the gastric gland region

10 Structure of the Stomach Mucosa Slide 14.20b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.4b, c

11 Small Intestine Slide 14.21 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  The body’s major digestive organ  Site of nutrient absorption into the blood  Muscular tube extending form the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve  Suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery

12 Subdivisions of the Small Intestine Slide 14.22 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Duodenum  Attached to the stomach  Curves around the head of the pancreas  Jejunum  Attaches anteriorly to the duodenum  Ileum  Extends from jejunum to large intestine

13 Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine Slide 14.23a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Source of enzymes that are mixed with chyme  Intestinal cells  Pancreas  Bile enters from the gall bladder

14 Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine Slide 14.23b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.6

15 Villi of the Small Intestine Slide 14.24 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Fingerlike structures formed by the mucosa  Give the small intestine more surface area Figure 14.7a

16 Microvilli of the Small Intestine Slide 14.25 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Small projections of the plasma membrane  Found on absorptive cells Figure 14.7c

17 Structures Involved in Absorption of Nutrients Slide 14.26 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Absorptive cells  Blood capillaries  Lacteals (specialized lymphatic capillaries) Figure 14.7b

18 Folds of the Small Intestine Slide 14.27 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Called circular folds or plicae circulares  Deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa  Do not disappear when filled with food  The submucosa has Peyer’s patches (collections of lymphatic tissue)

19 Large Intestine Slide 14.28 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Larger in diameter, but shorter than the small intestine  Frames the internal abdomen

20 Large Intestine Slide 14.28 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.8

21 Functions of the Large Intestine Slide 14.29 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Absorption of water  Eliminates indigestible food from the body as feces  Does not participate in digestion of food  Goblet cells produce mucus to act as a lubricant

22 Structures of the Large Intestine Slide 14.30a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Cecum – saclike first part of the large intestine  Appendix  Accumulation of lymphatic tissue that sometimes becomes inflamed (appendicitis)  Hangs from the cecum

23 Structures of the Large Intestine Slide 14.30b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Colon  Ascending  Transverse  Descending  S-shaped sigmoidal  Rectum  Anus – external body opening

24 Modifications to the Muscularis Externa in the Large Intestine Slide 14.31 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Smooth muscle is reduced to three bands (teniae coli)  Muscle bands have some degree of tone  Walls are formed into pocketlike sacs called haustra

25 Accessory Digestive Organs Slide 14.32 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Salivary glands  Teeth  Pancreas  Liver  Gall bladder


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