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Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 14.15 – 14.32 Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 14 The Digestive System and Body Metabolism Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook
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Stomach Anatomy Slide 14.15a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Located on the left side of the abdominal cavity Food enters at the cardioesophageal sphincter
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Stomach Anatomy Slide 14.15b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regions of the stomach Cardiac region – near the heart Fundus Body Phylorus – funnel-shaped terminal end Food empties into the small intestine at the pyloric sphincter
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Stomach Anatomy Slide 14.16a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Rugae – internal folds of the mucosa External regions Lesser curvature Greater curvature
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Stomach Anatomy Slide 14.16b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Layers of peritoneum attached to the stomach Lesser omentum – attaches the liver to the lesser curvature Greater omentum – attaches the greater curvature to the posterior body wall Contains fat to insulate, cushion, and protect abdominal organs
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Stomach Anatomy Slide 14.17 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.4a
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Stomach Functions Slide 14.18 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Acts as a storage tank for food Site of food breakdown Chemical breakdown of protein begins Delivers chyme (processed food) to the small intestine
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Specialized Mucosa of the Stomach Slide 14.19 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Simple columnar epithelium Mucous neck cells – produce a sticky alkaline mucus Gastric glands – secrete gastric juice Chief cells – produce protein-digesting enzymes (pepsinogens) Parietal cells – produce hydrochloric acid Endocrine cells – produce gastrin
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Structure of the Stomach Mucosa Slide 14.20a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Gastric pits formed by folded mucosa Glands and specialized cells are in the gastric gland region
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Structure of the Stomach Mucosa Slide 14.20b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.4b, c
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Small Intestine Slide 14.21 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings The body’s major digestive organ Site of nutrient absorption into the blood Muscular tube extending form the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve Suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by the mesentery
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Subdivisions of the Small Intestine Slide 14.22 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Duodenum Attached to the stomach Curves around the head of the pancreas Jejunum Attaches anteriorly to the duodenum Ileum Extends from jejunum to large intestine
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Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine Slide 14.23a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Source of enzymes that are mixed with chyme Intestinal cells Pancreas Bile enters from the gall bladder
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Chemical Digestion in the Small Intestine Slide 14.23b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.6
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Villi of the Small Intestine Slide 14.24 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fingerlike structures formed by the mucosa Give the small intestine more surface area Figure 14.7a
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Microvilli of the Small Intestine Slide 14.25 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Small projections of the plasma membrane Found on absorptive cells Figure 14.7c
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Structures Involved in Absorption of Nutrients Slide 14.26 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Absorptive cells Blood capillaries Lacteals (specialized lymphatic capillaries) Figure 14.7b
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Folds of the Small Intestine Slide 14.27 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Called circular folds or plicae circulares Deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa Do not disappear when filled with food The submucosa has Peyer’s patches (collections of lymphatic tissue)
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Large Intestine Slide 14.28 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Larger in diameter, but shorter than the small intestine Frames the internal abdomen
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Large Intestine Slide 14.28 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 14.8
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Functions of the Large Intestine Slide 14.29 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Absorption of water Eliminates indigestible food from the body as feces Does not participate in digestion of food Goblet cells produce mucus to act as a lubricant
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Structures of the Large Intestine Slide 14.30a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cecum – saclike first part of the large intestine Appendix Accumulation of lymphatic tissue that sometimes becomes inflamed (appendicitis) Hangs from the cecum
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Structures of the Large Intestine Slide 14.30b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Colon Ascending Transverse Descending S-shaped sigmoidal Rectum Anus – external body opening
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Modifications to the Muscularis Externa in the Large Intestine Slide 14.31 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Smooth muscle is reduced to three bands (teniae coli) Muscle bands have some degree of tone Walls are formed into pocketlike sacs called haustra
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Accessory Digestive Organs Slide 14.32 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Salivary glands Teeth Pancreas Liver Gall bladder
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