1. Developmental Timeline for Engineering
Engineering Your Future
Chapter 1

2. Progress of engineering is a continuum
History allows for understanding where we have been, where we are, and where we are going
History is about people and accomplishments
Study of history helps us create new futures and understand what good qualities from the past are worth repeating and continuing

3. Definition of Engineering
“The profession in which knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to use, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.”
-ABET

4. Prehistoric Culture
Designed and built needed items by trial and error, using intuition
Lack of communication and transportation prevented sharing of knowledge among civilizations
Knowledgeable about surroundings, craftsmanship was marvelous in effectiveness, integrity and intricacy, and information was passed down from generations very seriously

5. Prehistoric Culture cont.
Cave painting in Matobo Hills, Zimbabwe
Physical limitations of prehistoric man:
No known written language
Oral language limited
No significant means of transportation
No concept of formal education
No specialized methodology for discovery
Survived by gathering food and hunting with primitive weapons
Material aspects of life came about slowly

6. Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France
The Speed of History
Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France
Innovations introduced far more rapidly now than in the past 6000 years
Years to accomplish tasks finished in a very short amount of time
Up to 200 years to build one church!
Proper connection to God, truth, justice, fate, reality, life, and ancestry was goal of early science in many cultures

7. Engineering’s Beginnings
Foundations of engineering were laid with our ancestors’ efforts to survive and improve quality of life.
Every person was part of a community, not separate of it.
To an extent, everyone was an engineer
Modern aborigines and the Amish live like their ancestors, while taking advantage of modern technologies (tools, motors, medicine) but still preserving their culture.
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8. Mesopotamia’s First System of Writing
Egypt and Mesopotamia
Between 4000 and B.C., focal points for engineering
Stone tools, copper and bronze axes, plow, wheel, sailing boat, and methods of writing helped improved the way of life
Mesopotamia’s First System of Writing

9. Pyramid Design and Construction
B.C.
Engineering tactics:
Stones properly transported
Stones effectively lifted into place
Everything fit
Tombs secure against robbery
Stepped Pyramid at Sakkara
About 2700 B.C.
Chief Engineer Imhotep to King Zoser
Stepped Pyramid in Sakkara
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10. The Great Pyramid of Khufu
Constructed about 200 years after the Stepped Pyramid of Sakkara
Largest masonry structure ever built
Base = 756 ft. each side
480 ft. tall
Over 2.3 million limestone blocks used
Weigh over 58 million tons
Casing blocks of fine limestone were attached to all four sides
Removed for other uses throughout the years

11. Outline of Engineering History
Modern age, inventions appear to narrow, with much focus on computers.
The following slides contain significant engineering innovations throughout history.
Original McMicken Hall used for Engineering at the University of Cincinnati circa 1892

12. 1200 B.C. - A.D. 1 Quality of wrought iron is improved
Swords are mass produced
Siege towers perfected
Greeks develop manufacturing
Archimedes introduces mathematics in Greece
Concrete is used for arched bridges, roads, and aqueducts in Rome
Roman Aqueduct

13. A.D. 1 - 1000 Chinese further develop the study of mathematics
Gunpowder is perfected
Cotton and silk are manufactured

14. 1000 - 1400 Growth in the silk and glass industry
Leonardo Fibonacci ( ), medieval mathematician, writes the first text on algebra
The Fibonacci Quilt

15. How a Reflecting Telescope Works
Federigo Giambelli constructs the first time bomb
First water closet invented in England
Christian Huygens begins work on a pendulum-driven clock
Charles II charters the Royal Society
Isaac Newton constructs a reflecting telescope
Leibniz makes a calculating machine to multiply and divide
How a Reflecting Telescope Works

16. 1700 - 1800 Industrial Revolution begins
Eddystone Lighthouse
Industrial Revolution begins
Leyden jar stores a large charge of electricity
James Watt makes the first rotary engine
Ecole des Ponts et Chausses, first civil engineering school established by Louis XV
Society of Engineers formed in London
David Bushnell designs first human-carrying submarine
John Smeaton completes construction of Eddystone lighthouse

17. First Miner’s Safety Lamp
First Miner’s Safety Lamp
Automation first used in France
First railroad locomotive unveiled
Chemical symbols as used today are developed
Safety lamp for protecting miners is first used
Simple wire telegraph is developed
Photography is born
Electromagnetism is studied
Thermocouple is invented
Aluminum is prepared

18. Postcard of First Oil Well
Postcard of First Oil Well
Rubber is vulcanized by Robert Goodyear in U.S.
Rotary printing press comes into service
Reinforced concrete is used
Sewing machine invented
Henry Bessemer originates process to mass-produce steel cheaply
First oil well drilled near Titusville, PA
Typewriter is perfected
Challenge Expedition ( ) forms basis for future oceanographic study

19. Karl Benz’s Automobile
Alexander Graham Bell Patents first telephone
Thomas Edison invents phonograph and incandescent light bulb
Gasoline engine invented by Gottlieb Daimler
Karl Benz introduces automobile
Steam turbine appears
Karl Benz’s Automobile

20. Ford’s First “Automobile Plow”
Wright brothers complete first sustained flight
Detroit becomes center of auto industry
Stainless steel introduced in Germany
Diesel engine tractors produced by Ford
First commercial airplane service between London and Paris commences
Diesel locomotives appear
Ford’s First “Automobile Plow”

21. World War II Kommandeurwagen
Modern sound recordings introduced
John Logie Baird invents a high-speed mechanical scanning system
Leads to development of television
Volkswagen Beetle goes into production
First nuclear bombs are used
Transistor is invented
World War II Kommandeurwagen

22. 1950 - 1975 Computers first enter the commercial market
In common use by 1960
Sputnik 1 (USSR), first artificial satellite, goes into space
Explorer I (first U.S.) follows
LASER is introduced
Manned space flight begins
First communication satellite, Telstar, goes into orbit
Integrated circuits introduced
First manned moon landing occurs
Sputnik 1
Explorer I

23. First Artificial Heart Implant
Supersonic transport from U.S. to Europe begins
Cosmonauts orbit the Earth for a record 180 days
Columbia space shuttle is launched and reused for space travel
First artificial heart is implanted
First Artificial Heart Implant

24. Hubble Space Telescope
Today
Hubble Space Telescope is carried into orbit (1990) in space shuttle Discovery
Internet Society is chartered
1 million host computers connected in a network
Computer processor speeds dramatically improve
Channel Tunnel (Chunnel) between England and France is completed
MP3 audio format traded widely through computer servers
Hubble Space Telescope

25. Today cont.
Petronas Towers: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
World’s newest tallest building opens in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Global Positioning Satellite technology is declassified
Hundreds of safety, weather, and consumer applications available
High Definition Television signals/products become available
Genetic code of a human chromosome is mapped
Robots walk on Mars