1. Measuring Matter

2. Key Idea #5 Appropriate tools and measurements are used for describing the size of an object or the amount of a substance.

3. A Meter Stick/Metric Ruler is used to measure the
distance between two points in
Millimeters (.001 of a meter)
Centimeters (.01 of a meter)
Meters
Kilometers (1000 meters)
volume of a regular shaped object (length x width x height) in
cubic meters (m³)
cubic centimeters (cm³)

4. The photograph below shows the end of a meter stick at the 90 cm mark.
One meter = 100 centimeters (100 cm).
One centimeter = 10 millimeters (10 mm).
One meter = 1000 millimeters (1000 mm).
faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu

5. Metric Conversion: See Packet Page 3
Metric conversions are done by moving the decimal point.
Example: 1cm = 10 mm
When converting centimeters to millimeters, the decimal point is moved to the right one time (multiply by 10).
Example: 1 mm = .1 cm.
When converting from millimeters to centimeters the decimal point is moved to the left one time (divide by 10).

6. History of Measurement

7. Measuring with Body Parts
Digit – Width of finger
Span – Pinky to thumb tip (hand spread out)
Cubit – Elbow to the tip of the middle finger
Hand – Width of the palm including the thumb when it is closed against the palm.
Fathom – Finger tip to finger tip with outstretched arms
Pace – A full stride; from the position of the heel when you lift it to the position of the same heel when you set it down.

8. The History of the Metric System

9. FYI: Meters, grams, and liters are called base units and form the basis for larger or smaller units. These units are named using prefixes: see p. 2
Kilometer = 1000 meters
Decimeter = 1/10th of a meter (0.1)
Centimeter = 1/100th of a meter (0.01)
Millimeter = 1/1,000th of a meter (0.001)
Kiloliter = 1000 liters
Deciliter = 1/10th of a liter (0.1)
Centiliter = 1/100th of a liter (0.01)
Milliliter = 1/1,000th of a liter (0.001)
Kilogram = 1000 grams
Decigram = 1/10th of a gram (0.1)
Centigram = 1/100th of a gram (0.01)
Milligram = 1/1,000th of a gram (0.001)
faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu

10. FYI: The table below shows the standard unit of length, weight, volume, and temperature in the metric system and the English equivalent.
Metric
English
Length
meter
39.37 inches
Weight
gram
ounces
Volume
liter
quarts
Temperature
degree (Celcius)
1.8 degrees Fahrenheit
faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu

11. Review: A beaker is a wide, cylindrical container with a pouring lip.
used for holding and mixing liquids.
not used for exact measurements.
chem.ucla.edu

12. Review: A graduated cylinder is
a thin, cylindrical container with a pouring lip.
used to measure the exact volume of a liquid in milliliters.
used to measure the volume of irregularly shaped objects.
mirax.hostingcenter.co.kr

13. Review: A triple beam balance
is used to measure the mass of an object.
mass is how much matter or “stuff” is in the object
mass is constant wherever the object is
measures the mass of objects in:
milligrams (mg)
grams (g)
physics.smu.edu

14. Mass is a measure of how much matter/stuff is in an object.
measured using a balance.

15. A scale is used to measure weight (the pull of earth’s gravity).
weight changes if the force of gravity on it changes
measures weight in:
pounds (lb)
ounce (oz)
kilograms (kg)
grams (g)
dailymail.co.uk
pondsolutions.com

16. Mass vs Weight: What’s the difference?

17. Mass vs Weight

18. Mass stays the same wherever the object is.
The amount of matter in you doesn’t change.
Your mass is the same on Earth as it is on the moon.

19. Mass and weight are not the same thing.
If the force of gravity increases, then the weight of the object increases.
If the force of gravity decreases, then the weight of the object decreases.
Your weight on the moon is 1/6 of your weight on Earth because the force of gravity on the moon is 1/6 of what it is on Earth.
dogfoose.wordpress.com

20. Key Idea #6 Objects can be compared in terms of mass, volume, and density.

21. What is the mass reading on the balance?
mrsdlovesscience.com

22. The mass is 62.4 grams.
mrsdlovesscience.com

23. What’s Your Mass? Measurement Activity

24. Marvelous Mass Measurement Lab
Problem/Question:
Given four metal bars with the same volume, which bar will have the most mass – copper, aluminum, brass, or steel?
Research/Prior Knowledge:
What is the definition of mass?
What is the definition of volume?
What is each type of metal bar used for?
Hypothesis (Your guess):
The __________ metal bar will have the most mass because __________________________________.

25. Materials
4 Metal bars of the same volume: copper, aluminum, brass, and steel
Triple Beam Balance
Calculator
Pencil (no pens)
Graph paper
Ruler
Colored Pencils

26. Procedure: What will you do to conduct this experiment?
Step 1: Gather all materials
Step 2: Make sure the balance is zeroed out.
Step 3: Measure the mass of each metal bar to the nearest tenth of a gram and record it. Repeat two more times.
Step 4: Add the 3 trials for each bar and divide by 3 to determine the average (mean).

27. Create a Bar Graph: See page 158 in your book
Heading: upper right corner
Title: Mass of Metal Bars
Draw your X and Y axis.
X-axis: Type of Metal Bars
Record the names of each metal bar below the X-axis, evenly spaced, in the following order:
Copper, aluminum, brass, steel
Y-axis: Mass in Grams
Create a scale starting with zero and using increments of 2.
Create your bars
For each category draw a solid bar using the scale on the y –axis to determine the appropriate height.
Make all bars the same width and leave equal spaces between them.
Shade in your bars with different colors.

28. Analyze the data in your table and answer the following questions.
1. Using the average mass, rank the four metal bars from least to greatest mass.
2. List any sources of error during your investigation that might have affected your results.
3. When analyzing data to see if your hypothesis is correct, would it be better to look at individual data or the average mass of each type of bar?
4. Explain your answer to question #3.

29. The purpose of the experiment was………
Conclusion: On a separate sheet of paper write a paragraph that includes the following information. Use complete sentences and proper punctuation.
The purpose of the experiment was………
According to my hypothesis I thought the _______ bar would have the most mass. According to the data my hypothesis was (pick one) right or wrong because……
Major findings: ……
I got the results I did because ……

30. Volume To measure rectangular/square objects:
Multiply: Length x Width x Height
Tools used: meter stick, metric ruler
unit x unit x unit = unit³ = cm³ or m³

31. Object Length in cm Width in cm Height in cm Volume in cm3 Balance box
Silver box
pH box
Science book
Metal bar

32. Object Length in cm Width in cm Height in cm Volume in cm3 Balance box
Silver box
14.6 cm
5.1 cm
2.7 cm
201 cm3
pH box
25.3 cm
6.8 cm
4.8 cm
cm3
Science book
28.3 cm
22.2 cm
1.0 cm
cm3
Metal bar
5 cm
1.2 cm
7.2 cm3

33. Volume To measure irregular-shaped objects Liter, milliliter
Measure the amount of water displacement
in milliliters-mL-and convert to cubic centimeters -cm³.
Liter, milliliter
1mL = 1cm³
Tools used: graduated cylinder, beaker,
overflow cup

34. What is the volume of the liquid?
To measure the volume you record the liquid at it’s lowest point.
Note that the liquid has a curved surface called a meniscus.
Measure the meniscus at its lowest point.
A graduated cylinder is marked in milliliter divisions.
NOTE:
On this graduated cylinder each mark represents two tenths of a milliliter (0.2).
aai.org

35. The volume of the liquid is:
6.6 ml
aai.org

36. Volume of Irregular Objects
Draw the following table on the bottom of your Volume Activity handout:
Object
Liquid Volume in milliliters (mL)
Volume of a solid irregular object in cubic centimeters (cm³)

37. Density: The amount of mass of a substance in a given space.
Relates the volume and mass of an object or substance.
Density equals mass divided by volume
To calculate density use the formula:
D = M / V Density = Mass / Volume
Density of Liquids
D(g/mL) = M(g) / V(mL)
g/mL = grams per milliliter
Density of solids
D(g/cm³) = M(g) / V(cm³)
g/cm³ = grams per cubic centimeter

38. More dense stuff sinks under less dense stuff.
Density of water:
1 g/mL or 1 g/cm³
Density of oil:
.96 g/mL or .96 g/cm³
Since oil is less dense than water, it floats on water.

39. Density of Metal Bars 19.4 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 56.16 g 60.48 g 64.5 g
Unknown Bar
Mass
Length in cm
Width in cm
Height in cm
Volume in cm3
Density
g/cm3
19.4 g
5 cm
1.2 cm
56.16 g
60.48 g
64.5 g

40. Density of Metal Bars 19.4 g 5 cm 1.2 cm 7.2 cm3 56.16 g 60.48 g
Unknown Bar
Mass
Length in cm
Width in cm
Height in cm
Volume in cm3
Density
g/cm3
Aluminum
19.4 g
5 cm
1.2 cm
7.2 cm3
2.7 g/cm3
Steel
56.16 g
7.8 g/cm3
Brass
60.48 g
8.4 g/cm3
Copper
64.5 g
8.96 g/cm3

41. Measurement Quiz Review

42. The measure of how much matter an object contains.
Mass

43. A measure of the force of gravity on an object.
Weight

44. Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Matter

45. Relates the mass and volume of an object or material.
Density

46. The amount of space matter occupies.
Volume

47. A single pan balance with 3 beams calibrated in grams
A single pan balance with 3 beams calibrated in grams. Used to measure the mass of an object.
Triple Beam Balance

48. A wide, cylindrical glass container with a pouring lip, used for holding and mixing liquids in laboratories. Not used for exact measurements.
Beaker

49. A thin, cylindrical container that is scaled, usually in milliliters
A thin, cylindrical container that is scaled, usually in milliliters. Used in a laboratory to measure and pour exact amounts of a liquid.
Graduated Cylinder

50. What is the measurement on the balance?
regentsprep.org

51. What is the measurement on the balance? 373.4 grams
regentsprep.org

52. What is the volume of the liquid:
aai.org

53. The volume of the liquid is:
6.6 ml
aai.org

54. What is the equation for density?
D=M/V Or
Density equals
mass divided by volume.

55. Volume = Length x Width x Height
What is the equation for calculating the volume of a rectangular object?
Volume = Length x Width x Height Or
V = L x W x H

56. What is the length of the screw in centimeters?

57. How many centimeters are in one meter?

58. What is the volume of the object in the graduated cylinder?
In the first graduated cylinder the volume of the water is 20 mL.
In the second graduated cylinder a rock was added and the water level rose to 23 mL.

59. What is the volume of the object in the graduated cylinder?
23 mL – 20 mL = 3 mL
3mL = 3 cm3

60. What is the volume of the box?
37.5 cm3

61. What is the density of the box?
75 grams
2 g/cm3