1. Australia & New Zealand
The Land Down Under
Chapter 31
Australia & New Zealand

2. Section 1 Objectives I.D. Natural Physical Features
Describe Australia’s history & culture
Examine important features of Australia’s human system

3. List a few facts about Australia.
Located in the Southern Hemisphere
Name comes from southern in Latin
About the same size as the contiguous United States
Is also a country, island & is the smallest flattest 2nd driest continent in the world

4. List & give info on the land form regions here.
List & Facts
Map
Great Dividing Range
Lies in the East
Main Mnt. System (continental divide)
Central Lowlands
Great Artesian Basin (ground water)
Your teacher’s desert is located here
Western Plateau
Covers 2/3 or 66% of continent w/ the oldest rock

5. What Climate zones are found in Australia & Where?
Arid
Center of Continent
Tropical Wet/Dry
Most of Northern area
Humid Subtropical & Marine West Coast
Eastern side
Mediterranean
Southern Edge

6. What animals are: Kangaroo Koala Wallaby Tasmanian Devil Cats Deer
Endemic
Not Endemic
Kangaroo
Koala
Wallaby
Tasmanian Devil
Cats
Deer
Cattle
Rabbits

7. What Natural Resources can be found here?
Minerals  Bauxite/Copper/ Iron Ore/ Lead/ Silver/ Zinc/ Diamonds/ Opals/ Sapphires
Energy  Fossil Fuels
Agriculture  6% arable land (mainly used for grazing of cattle and sheep)

8. Give the greatest hits of Australia’s history.
-Aborigines  came from Southeast Asia about 40,000 years ago (1st settlers)
 British settle as a prison colony (Sydney)
-1851  Sheep farming starts as well as gold being discovered
-British push Aborigines out with the help of European disease
-6 main colonies form & join together as Commonwealth of Australia (new country)
-Remain close allies with Great Britain & fought with them in World War I & II
- Hosted the 2000 summer Olympics in Sydney (one of the few times the games have been hosted in the Southern Hemisphere)

9. What groups make up Australia’s population?
92% European descent, speak English (Aussie dialect)
7% Asian
1% Aborigines

10. Australia’s People

11. What is the settlement pattern like in Australia? Why is it like that?
Most cities are located near the coast
Sydney/ Melbourne/ Brisbane/ Adelaide/ Perth
Major cities not on the coast:
Canberra (Capital)
Alice Springs
This is due to colonial settlement and the arid & harsh conditions of the interior.

12. Give information on the following:
Religion
Education
Christianity  Dominant religion
Ancestor & Land worship
Aborigines
Buddhism & Hinduism
Brought by Asians
Good Public schools run by the government
Emphasis on the Aborigines education due to them being behind caused by years of oppression

13. Aborigines & the Spirit World

14. What are the popular sports here?
Cricket/ Rugby/ Australian rules football

15. Briefly describe the following:
Australia Today
Issues they are facing
Developed Country
Good Infrastructure
Good Health care
Democratic Government
Strong GDP ($22,200)
Free Market Economy
Trade with the US and Asian Countries
Aborigines claims to land
Environmental Protection
Exotic species  due to no natural predators, they have breed out of control making them a nuisance

16. Give information about the 3 main economic practices.
Mining is important to the economy
World’s leading producer of bauxite/ diamonds/ opals/ lead
Exports to Japan & Asian Countries
Tourism  large & growing industry
Vacation areas include: The Great Barrier Reef/ Gold Coast/ Ayers Rock/ Sydney
Agriculture  major exporter of farm goods
Wool (leading producer)/ Wheat/ Meat
Wool supports the economy, 15% of worlds sheep are here

17. Section 2 Objectives
I. D. important features in New Zealand’s natural environment
Describe New Zealand’s history and culture
Examine New Zealand’s economy & I. D. the major economic challenges

18. Describe the Natural Environments of New Zealand
North Island
South Island
Fertile land with Forests
Tectonically Active:
Volcanoes, Geysers, Earthquakes, & Hot Springs
South Alps runs down west coast of the island.
Forest & Plains on the East Coast

19. What natural resources can be found here & How are they used?
Uses
Good farm land
Hydroelectric Power
50% arable  Radiata Pine
Pulp & Paper
Supplies 65% of energy

20. Describe Early History of New Zealand
Maori  1st settlers to the islands/came her over years ago/ came to hunt Moa (flightless bird)
1642  Abel Tagman(Dutch) becomes the first European to reach the islands
1769  James Cook comes to New Zealand to explore and map/ brings with him missionaries, traders, and whalers from Australia
British and Maori make a treaty for land  does not work out for Maori as settlers took lands they had claim to/ they were also affected by the European diseases
1907  became independent, however they still traded with the British Empire and fought along side of them during World War I & II

21. Give facts about the following:
Language  English
People  Predominantly white, with Maori being the largest minority
Settlement  75% of population on the North Island, Major cities include Auckland, Wellington, & Christchurch
Food  Clam Soup, Lamb, Sweet Potatoes, Tea & Pavlova
Pavlova  is a desert that is made of meringue, fresh fruit and cream.

22. What are the major economic activities in New Zealand
Agriculture  Fruits and Vegetables as well as Kiwi(bird), Sheep and Cattle. Sheep’s wool is a major export from this area
Films  many TV & movies shot here for landscapes and tax breaks.
Tourism  plays an important part in the economy, particularly due to having opposing season from the Northern Hemisphere.

23. What are some challenges New Zealand is facing?
Small population makes it tough for mass production of items
This drives up the cost of things per unit.
Economic Diversity  used to trade with Great Britain but due to high tariffs, because of EU, they do not any more.
Predominantly trade with the US.