1. CHAPTER ONE
WHAT IS GOVERNMENT?

2. PUBLIC POLICIES
All of the things a government decides to do or not do.
For example…..

3. Taxation

4. Defense

5. Education

6. Criminal Justice
Don’t taze me, bro!

7. Healthcare

8. Civil Rights

9. Transportation

10. The source of our government
All of our government’s powers are outlined in the Constitution.

11. Dictatorship v. democracy
Who holds the power?
How are leaders chosen?
To whom are leaders responsible/accountable?

12. What is the dominant political unit in the world?
The state

13. Dictatorships v. democracy
Who holds the power?
Who makes decisions?
How are leaders chosen?
To whom is leadership accountable?

14. The State of the State

15. The state is
A body of people, living in a defined space, with the power to make and enforce laws and an organization to do this.
Define the state by knowing its four characteristics:

16. Population ( a body of people)

17. Population Definition: people who are members or citizens of a state
Size of population doesn’t matter
Population has a big influence on the type of government chosen by the state

18. Territory (a defined space)

19. Territory Definition: the area in which a state’s rule applies
Must have set boundaries, but they are not always agreed upon
Boundaries can change by
war
negotiation
purchase

20. Sovereignty (power to make and enforce laws)

21. Sovereignty
Definition: the ability to rule absolutely within a given territory
Because of sovereignty states can set foreign policy and agenda
Sovereignty makes all states equal in theory, but in reality this isn’t always the case

22. Government (organization that makes and enforces laws )

23. Government
Government has many roles that all involve making public policy, but that are four main ways their governing affects the public:
Keeping order
Protecting the country
Providing services
Making economic decisions

24. By this definition of THE STATE, which of the following is “ a state?”
New York City?
The United States?
Texas?
China?

25. True or False?
If there are less than 30,000 people, it can’t be considered a state.

26. True or False?
The boundaries of a territory can change.

27. True or False?
Sovereignty means that you have to check with a superior for permission.

28. True or False
The 50 States that make up the United States are not considered independent states internationally.

29. FOUR THEORIES OF THE CREATION OF THE STATE

30. Force Theory
One person or group forced others to submit to its rule.

31. Evolutionary Theory The state evolved from an original family
Family>clan>tribe>
state

32. Divine Right Theory
People believe that God created the state and gave its leaders the right to rule; dominant in Western world through the mid-18th c.

33. Social Contract Theory
People give up to the state as much power as needed to promote the safety and well-being for all.
Philosophers : John Locke, James Harrington, Jean Jacques Rousseau,Hobbes

34. PURPOSES OF GOVERNMENT
Listed in the Preamble to the Constitution
Constitution – the law of the land; the basis for our gov’t

35. Form a More Perfect Union

36. Establish Justice

37. Insure Domestic Tranquility

38. Provide for the Common Defense

39. Promote the General Welfare

40. Secure the Blessings of Liberty

41. CLASSIC FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

42. Feudalism (kings and lords)

43. Greek city-states and Roman republic
Classical Republic : small group of elected leaders make decisions for the electorate
Greek city-states and Roman republic

44. Absolute Monarchy – King or Queen has total control

45. Authoritarianism – individual or group has unlimited authority.

46. Despotism – absolute power of tyrant

47. Liberal Democracy – rights and freedoms of individuals protected

48. Totalitarianism – government controls all parts of people’s lives.

49. Geographic Distribution of Power
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
Who Can Participate
Geographic Distribution of Power
Relationship between the Legislative and Executive Branches

50. Geographic Distribution of Power
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
Democracy
Who Can Participate
Dictatorship
Geographic Distribution of Power
Relationship between the Legislative and Executive Branches

51. Geographic Distribution of Power Confederate
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
Democracy
Who Can Participate
Dictatorship
Unitary
Geographic Distribution of Power
Confederate
Federal
Relationship between the Legislative and Executive Branches

52. Geographic Distribution of Power Confederate
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
Democracy
Who Can Participate
Dictatorship
Unitary
Geographic Distribution of Power
Confederate
Federal
Relationship between the Legislative and Executive Branches
Presidential
Parliamentary

53. Geographic Distribution of Power Confederate
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
Direct Democracy – purest form, all people vote
Democracy
Indirect Democracy – representatives are chosen to vote.
Who Can Participate
Dictatorship
Unitary
Geographic Distribution of Power
Confederate
Federal
Relationship between the Legislative and Executive Branches
Presidential
Parliamentary

54. Geographic Distribution of Power Confederate
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
Direct Democracy – purest form, all people vote
Democracy
Indirect Democracy – representatives are chosen to vote.
Who Can Participate
Autocracy – single person
Oligarchy – small group (elite)
Dictatorship
All are authoritarian
Modern dictatorships are totalitarian
Unitary
Geographic Distribution of Power
Confederate
Federal
Relationship between the Legislative and Executive Branches
Presidential
Parliamentary

55. Geographic Distribution of Power Confederate
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
Direct Democracy – purest form, all people vote
Democracy
Indirect Democracy – representatives are chosen to vote.
Who Can Participate
Autocracy – single person
Oligarchy – small group (elite)
Dictatorship
All are authoritarian
Modern dictatorships are totalitarian
Unitary
One central government agency
Geographic Distribution of Power
Confederate
Alliance of independent states.
Power divided between central and local agencies
Federal
Relationship between the Legislative and Executive Branches
Presidential
Parliamentary

56. Geographic Distribution of Power Confederate
FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
Direct Democracy – purest form, all people vote
Democracy
Indirect Democracy – representatives are chosen to vote.
Who Can Participate
Autocracy – single person
Oligarchy – small group (elite)
Dictatorship
All are authoritarian
Modern dictatorships are totalitarian
Unitary
One central government agency
Geographic Distribution of Power
Confederate
Alliance of independent states.
Power divided between central and local agencies
Federal
Two branches are separate and coequal. Chief Executive is President chosen independently for a fixed term.
Relationship between the Legislative and Executive Branches
Presidential
Executive branch made up of Prime Minister and cabinet who are members of legislative branch, the Parliament, as long still in favor.
Parliamentary

57. BASIC CONCEPTS OF DEMOCRACY

58. DEMOCRACY
A form of government in which supreme authority rests with the people.

59. American Concept of Democracy rests on:
The worth of the individual
All have it regardless of station
Equality of all persons
“All men are created equal..” –Thomas Jefferson
Opportunity and before the law

60. Majority rule with minority rights
Room for error
Majority can’t be left unchecked
Must hear criticism, arguments and suggestions
Necessity of compromise
Blending and adjusting competing views
Essential to make policy
“More than one way to skin a cat” – Mark Twain

61. Individual freedom Do as you please with limits
“The rights of every man are diminished when the rights of one man are threatened.” – John F. Kennedy

62. Democracy and Free Enterprise

63. Free Enterprise = Capitalism
The American economic system.
Does not rely on the government to answer what, how, how many or for whom regarding items being produced.

64. Based on Four Main Factors
Private ownership
Individual initiative
Profit
competition

65. Works through system of Supply and Demand
When supplies of goods and services increase, prices drop and less is produced
When supplies are scarce, prices will rise and more will be made

66. Mixed Economy Free enterprise with some government intervention
Regulations
Protecting the public
FDA
Anti-pollution laws
OSHA
Zoning ordinances
Building codes

67. Promotion Preserving private enterprise Building roads Grants
Weather reports