1. Introducing an Integrated Marine Observing System for Australia (IMOS). Gary Meyers (IMOS Director) and John Middleton (SAIMOS)

2. IMOS Strategic Goal Assemble and provide free, open and timely access to streams of data that support research on The role of the oceans in the climate system The interaction between major boundary currents and shelf environments and ecosystems And in the longer term Supports policy development, management of marine and terrestrial climate impacts and adaptation by industries

3. IMOS Funding: $50M cash from Commonwealth Additional $40M cash and in-kind support from marine agencies around Australia IMOS Development: National Science Plan priorities workshopped in 2006 Local science plans (with equipment needs) developed Envelopes for equipment allocations developed Agreement of who runs what facilities and what “nodes” are allocated facilities. Plan strongly supported and funded by Aust. Govt. National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy

4. IMOS—5 Nodes and 11 Facilities Goals: onshore-offshore interaction, climate impacts GBROOS NSWIMOS SAIMOS WAIMOS

5. Water depth 110 m ADCP Met Station Communications via acoustic modem National Reference Stations Key components: Real Time Data sent via satellite 2x CTDs 1x ADCP (SAIMOS, NSWIMOS only) 1x Surface Meteorological Station

6. Reference Stations RS

7. National Reference Station - Monthly Biogeochemical Sampling 1.Carbon Parameters: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, Alkalinity 2. Hydrochemical parameters: Nitrate/nitrite, silicate,phosphate,salinity 3. Biological parameters: Phytoplankton: pigment composition, microscopy, genetic composition, total suspended solids Flow cytometry (population size, physical and chemical composition) Zooplankton: dry Weights, community composition, genetic composition 4.Physical/profiling instrument measurements: CTD with capabilities for: Temperature, Pressure (depths), Conductivity, Fluorescence, Light (PAR), Turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen

8. Aust. Coastal Ocean RADAR Network – six systems (WERA&CODAR) WERA Installation Radar is back reflected by ocean waves. The Doppler shift in Radar frequencies enables surface currents and other variables to be measured.

9. Live current measurements every 30 minutes from the WERA system off South Carolina (US). Strong North- East Velocities associated with the Gulf Stream are clearly visible Note: range is better during day HF Ocean RADAR Example From South Carolina

10. Aust. National Facility for Ocean Gliders 8 gliders (Slocum and deep)

11. Glider Cross-Section: Temperature Off Perth Play Movie

12. Other IMOS observing systems Passive acoustic listening for sea-floor slumps, Antarctic Ice collapse and marine mammals using hydrophones AUV (hulls removed) for sea floor video and mapping Pygmy Whale singing off Perth

13. Tagged Fish: AATAMS and community receivers Moorings detect tagged fish < 1km 6 month service to obtain data SAIMOS Glenelg 10 moorings Portland 31 moorings

14. Bluewater Node: Major research questions: What is the role of the ocean in weather, climate variability and change? What role does the ocean play in setting atmospheric carbon levels? Where and how does ocean and climate variability impact on pelagic ecosystems, their productivity and fisheries? How do large-scale offshore changes affect our coastal environment and ecosystems? Is there predictability in the system and where? On what timescales? Tools ARGO Floats Ships of Opportunity Satellites S.O. Mooring

15. IMOS Argo 50 T/S Argo floats per year (assuming a continuation of existing contributions from AGO, CSIRO and BoM)

16. Implementation

17. Jurien Bay Perth Canyon Rottnest Island 0200km West Australian IMOS Leeuwin Current eddies and their interaction with the shelf waters. Western Rock lobster recruitment The Perth Canyon – highest biodiversity with whale and fish aggregations, high primary and secondary production which are controlled by the physical oceanographic processes Leeuwin Current Leeuwin UC

18. Summer: Upwelling - Deep cold, water is brought to surface Mechanisms: winds canyons Flinders Current Winter: Density current outflows from gulfs and coast Sea Surface Temperature from satellite measurements Southern Australian IMOS - cross shelf exchange/ecosystems

19. Planned SAIMOS Infrastructure: Shelf/Slope Moorings Reference Station CTD Stations  HF Radar PLUS Gliders Fish tag curtains AUVs

20. NSW IMOS – The EAC and upwelling: Oke & Middleton 02

21. Climate change (East Coast, Tasmania) … Mean surface salinity (ppt) After Hill et al. 2007 Mean sea surface temperature (deg C)

22. Great Barrier Reef Ocean Observing System GBROOS Issues for GBR function and health  Connectivity (currents)  Productivity (upwelling)  Coral bleaching (temperature)  Coral calcification (carbonate chemistry)

23. SEC EAC SEC SEC = South Equatorial Current EAC = East Australian Current Coral Sea mooring (1) Slope moorings (4) Shelf mooring (1) Oceanographic buoys (3) Island Research Stations (4) Reef towers (3) HF Radar Temp/Salinity Flow Light & heat fluxes Chlorophyll Turbidity Particulate carbon Local variables (sensor networks)

24. A A R G Planned IMOS Coastal Deployments