1. The French Revolution 1787 - 1799

2. New ideas about society and government The social contract Religious Freedom All questioned the authority and legitimacy of the Monarchy The Enlightenment Voltaire Rousseau

3. France supported the colonists against Great Britain Revolutionary ideals If the US break away from the strongest empire so could the National Assembly The American Revolution Marquis de Lafayette

4. Absolute monarchs didn’t share power with a counsel or parliament “Divine Right of Kings” Absolutism King James I of England

5. Reduced the power of the nobility Fought four wars Greatly increased France’s national debt Louis XIV

6. Louis XV War fought in Europe, India, North America French Indian War Increases French national debt The Seven Years’ War (French Indian War) Louis XV

7. Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette Louis - Weak Leader Marie – Seen as uncaring (Madam Deficit) Excusive Spending

8. First Estate: clergy Second Estate: nobility Third Estate: the rest of society Bourgeoisie Merchants Middle Class The Three Estates Cartoon depicting the three Estates

9. Taxation Crop failures Strict class system Problems of the Third Estate

10. Neckler supports property tax on the Church and Nobility. Calling of the Estates General Meeting Financial Crisis Finance Minister Jacques Necker supporter of the third estate

11. One vote per estate Clergy and nobility usually joined together to outvote the Third Estate Met in Versailles in May 1789 After 6 weeks 3 rd Estate Locked out The Estates General A meeting of the Estates General

12. Louis XVI ordered the Third Estate locked out of the National Assembly’s meeting hall The Tennis Court Oath Vow to form a Constitution Artist Jacques Louis David’s depiction of the Tennis Court Oath Tennis Court Oath

13. The Third Estate took action and established its own government On June 17, 1789, the National Assembly was formed 3 rd Estate Forms a New Government: The National Assembly

14. Adopted by National Assembly on August 27th Enlightenment ideals Outlined basic freedoms held by all Asserted the sovereignty of the people “Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité” The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

15. 1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. 2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. 3. The principle of all sovereignty resides essentially in the nation.

16. Firing of Financial Minister Louis Necker July 14th: a mob storms and takes the Bastille. Gun powder and symbol of oppression Storming of the Bastille

17. Lower classes still unsatisfied Thousands of starving women and peasants march on Versailles Louis forced to return to Paris The March of Women

18. Émigrés Louis XVI and his family attempted to flee France They were arrested at Varennes Flight of the King The capture of Louis XVI at Varennes

19. New Constitution Constitutional monarchy New Legislative Assembly Sans-culottes Painting depicting the 1791 constitution

21. War With Austria France declares war War of the First Coalition Levee en masse Painting of the Battle of Valmy, 1792

22. Paris mob stormed Tuileries Louis and family seek aid of Legislative Assembly Arrested and deposed The Radicals Take Over Paris crowds storm the Tuileries

23. First met on September 21, 1792 Revolutionary Calendar Monarchy abolished; France officially becomes a republic The National Convention A Jacobin club

24. Jean-Paul Marat Georges Danton Leaders in the National Convention

25. The Guillotine Dr. Joseph Guillotine Intended as a more humane method of execution Thousands guillotined during the French Revolution

26. On January 17, 1793, Louis XVI was convicted of treason He went to the guillotine four days later on January 21, 1793 Execution of the King

27. Created to cease an internal rebellion in 1793 Given dictatorial power Ruled France for nearly a year The Committee of Public Safety Controlled by Robespierre A citizen petitions the Committee of Public Safety

28. July 1793– July 1794 Executions The Reign of Terror The execution of Marie Antoinette

29. Robespierre overthrown on 9 Thermidor Committee of Public Safety dismantled Jacobin clubs disbanded New constitution adopted in August 1795 Executive branch known as the Directory The Thermidorean Reaction 9 Thermidor meeting of the National Convention

31. Lawyer originally supported 3 rd Estate Leader of the Committee on Public Safety Most controversial figure of the French Revolution Leader of Reign of Terror Robespierre

32. National Assembly confiscates and sells off church lands Clergy must take oath of loyalty Abolish Catholicism. 10 day calendar to remove Sunday Street Names removed New Religion (Enlightenment Ideals) Goddess of Reason and the Supreme Being De Christianization Cartoon depicting the confiscation of Church lands

33. Festival of the Supreme Being Notice Robespierre on top next to tree. People loose Confidence in Robespierre The beginning of the end or Robespierre

34. End of Rein of Terror With Execution of Robespierre Robespierre, Speech to the National Convention (1794) was to name more names to be executed. He waited until the next day to do so. The next day he was arrested. Robespierre tried to shoot himself but did not die was then beheaded

35. Promoted middle class interests Financial crisis Food shortages Riots in Paris Rise of Napoleon The Directory Cartoon depicting the errors and bad judgment of the Directory

36. Popularity rises after victories over the Austrians Conflict with Britain 1799 Coup d’etat Military take over) The Consulate Napoleon Bonaparte

37. 1804: Napoleon crowns himself emperor Napoleon Becomes Emperor

38. Legacies of the French Revolution End of absolutism Power of nobles ended Peasants became landowners Nationalism Enlightenment ideals