1.  Actual samples from spacespace  Particle accelerators  Telescopes ◦ All wavelengths of light

2.  Energy  Electromagnetic wave ◦ Can travel without a medium (matter) ◦ Transverse waves

3.  Electromagnetic spectrum ◦ All travel at the speed of light (3x10 8 m/s) ◦ Vary in wavelength and frequency

4.  Which set of “hills” takes more energy to run?  High energy ◦ Short wavelength ◦ High frequency ◦ Large amplitude

5. Really Muscular Idiots Ultra X-treme Grannies Visualize

6.  Used for:  Standard form to scientific notation ◦ 45,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 ◦ 0.00000000005604  Scientific notation to standard form ◦ 9.807 x 10 12 ◦ 2.11 x 10 -6

7. 7. Describe two different ways that all forms of light are similar. 8. Draw a transverse wave and label a crest, trough, wavelength and amplitude. 9. Draw a wave with a very high amount of energy. 10. What makes electromagnetic waves unique?

8.  Radio  Microwave  Infrared  Visible  Ultraviolet  X-ray  Gamma

9. What do you think of when you look at the night sky? http://www.astro.ufl.edu/~lada/ast3018/lectures/ast3018lecturestarform.pdf

10.  Greeks ◦ Rotating spheres ◦ Earth centered

11.  Galileo  Copernicus  Kepler  Newton  Mathematical laws about movement of planets  First telescope  Calculation of gravity  Sun centered universe

12.  Einstein ◦ Calculations ◦ Universe changing size ◦ Disbelieved  Added a constant to his equations  Results = static universe  Friedmann ◦ Russian ◦ Removed Einstein’s constant ◦ Universe changing shape ◦ Won Einstein’s approval http://wouterdeheij.wordpress.com/2013/04/27/famous-innovation-quotes-from-steve-jobs-gunter-pauli-einstein-henry-ford-and-many-others/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aleksandr_Fridman.png

13.  Lemaitre ◦ Priest and physicist ◦ Universe began as a single point ◦ Expanded since that time  Hubble ◦ Astronomer ◦ Published around same time ◦ Provided evidence from observing spectra

14.  All objects emit light  Pure light from a source ◦ Continuous spectrum  If light passes through gas or dust ◦ Light absorbed ◦ Excites/heats atoms ◦ Emit own light ◦ Makes an emission spectrum https://www.cfa.harvard.edu /~jbattat/a35/cont_abs_em. html

15.  Each chemical/atom has a unique spectrum ◦ Like a fingerprint http://www.umsl.edu/~physics/Lab%20Connection/Electricity%20and%20Magnetism%20Lab/12-lab13.html

16.  Determine chemical composition  Can also determine movement of object http://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/cas/cas2004/casreports-2004/rep-236/

17.  Draw the lines that you see ◦ Make sure the # of lines, color of the lines and order is accurate  Write a conclusion – based on your observations what can you conclude about the different materials and light you see the material produce

18. 11. How is an emission spectrum created? 12. What can we learn from emission spectra? 13. Who is credited with having discovered the Big Bang theory and what is the Big Bang theory? 14. If you were Einstein, would have made the same decision about changing his equations to fit his personal belief? Why or why not?

19.  Change in emission spectrum ◦ Same pattern ◦ Shifted from where it should be

20.  Doppler effecteffect  Object moving past a stationary objectobject  Waves get shortened in front ◦ Higher pitch  Waves get longer in back ◦ Lower pitch  Inside the source – no change

21. http://archive.ncsa.illinois.edu/Cyberia/Bima/doppler.html  Blue-shift ◦ Wavelength shortens ◦ Moving towards us  Red-shift ◦ Wavelength lengthens ◦ Moving away from us ◦ Bigger the shift the further away it has come from ◦ Hubble only saw red- shifted spectra

22. https://www.e-education.psu.edu/astro801/book/export/html/1967  Universe moving away from us  Things further away are moving away faster  Expansion rate has since beginning

23.  Further evidence of the big bang  Picture = ◦ Universe all same temp ◦ Very cold ◦ Not what we actually see  Where else could the microwaves come from? ◦ Extreme red-shift  From a high energy wave ◦ Travel long distances ◦ Oldest light we observe ◦ Time when universe was all the same temp.  The Big Bang

24.  Used by scientists and all but 3 countries  Based on 10….so much easier