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Visualizing Technology
Chapter 7 – The Internet
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Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall        Visualizing Technology

2. Recognize the importance of the Internet.
CHAPTER 7
Recognize the importance of the Internet.
Compare types of Internet connections.
Compare popular Web browsers.
Demonstrate how to navigate the Web.
Discuss how to evaluate the credibility of information found on the Web.
Identify the certifications and careers related to the Internet.
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall        Visualizing Technology

3. CHAPTER 7 – RUNNING PROJECT
Look for project instructions as you complete each article.
In most chapters, there are a series of questions for you to research.
At the end of each chapter, submit your responses to these questions.
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4. Article 1 – Al Gore Invented the Internet Objective 1 – Recognize the importance of the Internet.
Al Gore didn’t actually invent the Internet, but he promoted its development through legislation.
Al Gore received a Webby Lifetime Achievement Award for his contributions.
Al Gore was one of the first politicians to promote the potential of the Internet.
Article 1 – Al Gore Invented the Internet Objective 1 – Recognize the importance of the Internet.
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5. The four nodes were located in: UCLA Stanford Research Institute
How it all got started
In 1958, President Eisenhower created the Advanced Projects Research Agency (ARPA).
An early ARPA project was to create a Galactic Network that would connect smaller networks around the world.
The Internet was developed in the 1960’s as a communications system so that information could travel so that losing one part of the system wouldn’t cripple the whole thing.
It took about 10 years to develop this original system, called ARPANET.
The four nodes were located in:
UCLA
Stanford Research Institute
University of Utah
US Santa Barbara
Article 1 – Al Gore Invented the Internet Objective 1 – Recognize the importance of the Internet.
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6. How it all got started, cont.
In 1979, the National Science Foundation created CSNET to connect the computer science departments at universities using the ARPANET technology.
In the mid 1802’s, NSF created NSFNET which connected smaller networks and supercomputing centers together.
In 1995, the first 5 large Network Access Points (NAPs) were established.
Today, the backbone of the Internet is composed of Internet Exchange points around the world.
Article 1 – Al Gore Invented the Internet Objective 1 – Recognize the importance of the Internet.
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7. The Internet is the physical entity, a network of computer networks.
World Wide Web
The Internet is the physical entity, a network of computer networks.
The Web is one way for information to move across the Internet.
In 1995, the first 5 large Network Access Points (NAPs) were established.
Today, the backbone of the Internet is composed of Internet Exchange points around the world.
Article 1 – Al Gore Invented the Internet Objective 1 – Recognize the importance of the Internet.
Figure 7.1a
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8. Hypertext allows you to navigate by using links (hyperlinks).
World Wide Web… cont.
In 1991, Tim Bernes-Lee and CERN released the Hypertext system known as the World Wide Web.
Hypertext allows you to navigate by using links (hyperlinks).
When Windows 95 was released, AOL and Compuserve began offering Internet access.
Personal computers began to drop in price, and Internet use increased greatly.
Article 1 – Al Gore Invented the Internet Objective 1 – Recognize the importance of the Internet.
Figure 7.2
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9. The Internet is now dominated by commercial and social use.
Internet2 (I2) is a second Internet designed for education and research.
The Very High Speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) has evolved into the Internet2 project.
The backbone of I2 is fiber optics, which allows faster data transfer and less corruption.
Membership in I2 is limited to
educational institutions, museums,
libraries, and hospitals.
Article 1 – Al Gore Invented the Internet Objective 1 – Recognize the importance of the Internet.
Figure 7.3
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10. Internet exchange points World Wide Web Running Project
Key Terms
ARPANET
Hyperlink
Hypertext
Internet
Internet2
Internet backbone
Internet exchange points
World Wide Web
Running Project
Does your school participate in the I2 project? – Ask your instructor.
If yes, what features does your school use?
Three things you need to know
ARPANET was the original Internet.
Hypertext is used to navigate the World Wide Web by using hyperlinks.
Internet2 is a second Internet designed for education, research, and collaboration.
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11. Article 2 – Get Connected Objective 2 – Compare types of Internet connections
There are different ways to access the Internet.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) are companies that offer different plans to access the Internet.
So, how do you get connected?
You can research various services that ISPs provide you.
Internet speed is the data transfer rate measured in kilobits or megabits per second.
The higher the number, the faster the connection.
ISPs will charge higher prices for a faster data connection.
Article 2 – Get Connected Objective 2 – Compare types of Internet connections.
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12. The FCC defines broadband as speed in excess of 200 kbps.
Cable Internet access uses the same wire to carry both TV and Internet signals.
Cable access can be slowed by neighbors using the Internet at the same time.
Dial-up
Dial-up access uses a standard phone line to access the Internet.
Dial-up access is inexpensive, but very slow (56 kbps)
Article 2 – Get Connected Objective 2 – Compare types of Internet connections.
Figure 7.4
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13. Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
DSL uses regular phone lines to carry digital signals.
DSL is slightly slower than a cable connection, but it’s also less expensive.
The further away you are from the DSL hub, the slower your connection will be.
Fiber Optic Service (FiOS)
FiOS is the fastest of the 3 broadband services, but it can be very expensive.
Can carry TV, Internet, and phone access to your home over fiber optic cables.
FiOS has a top speed up to 50 Mbps.
Article 2 – Get Connected Objective 2 – Compare types of Internet connections.
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14. Wireless Options WiMAX Mobile
3G and 4G networks that connect to the internet using cellular networks.
Signals are transmitted by towers, so coverage isn’t universal.
WiMAX is portable, and can be used almost anywhere.
Satellite Internet
Satellite speeds are similar to DSL, but plans can be very expensive.
Satellite is a good option if other services are not available where you live.
Municipal WiFi
These WiFi hotspots can be free, or fee-based.
Available in many public locations like; airports, coffee shops, and libraries.
Article 2 – Get Connected Objective 2 – Compare types of Internet connections.
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15. Connecting without a computer
Most cell phones offer at least a limited ability to connect to the Internet.
Smaller devices generally have small screens and limited keyboards.
25% of the worlds population have a personal computer, but over 60% have cell phones.
According to the FCC, 65% of adults in the United States have home broadband access.
Smaller devices generally have small screens and limited keyboards.
25% of the worlds population have a personal computer, but over 60% have cell phones.
Article 2 – Get Connected Objective 2 – Compare types of Internet connections.
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16. Satellite Internet Access WiFi WiMAX Mobile Internet Running Project
Key Terms
Broadband
Cable Internet Access
Dial-up
DSL
FiOS
Hotspot
Municipal WiFi
Satellite Internet Access
WiFi
WiMAX Mobile Internet
Running Project
Research 2 types of internet access available where you live.
Compare the features of each.
Three things you need to know
Dial-up is the slowest type of internet access.
Broadband Internet access includes cable, DSL, FiOS, and WiMAX.
The type of Internet access you choose largely depends on where you live.
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17. Article 3 – Surf’s Up Objective 3 – Compare popular Web browsers.
However you use the Web, you need the right tools to access it and enjoy the content. In this article, we discuss the software you need.
Article 3 – Surf’s Up Objective 4 – Compare popular Web browsers.
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18. Browsers
Basic Web pages are written in hypertext markup language (HTML)
HTML is the language that defines the structure of a Web page.
Web browsers are programs that interpret HTML to display Web pages.
Released in 1993, Mosaic was the first Web browser.
Mosaic eventually became Netscape Navigator
Internet Explorer
First released in 1995, Internet Explorer (IE) is the leading Web browser
IE is included with PCs running Microsoft Windows
Article 3 – Surf’s Up Objective 4 – Compare popular Web browsers.
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall        Visualizing Technology

19. Features of Internet Explorer Navigation buttons Address bar
Search box
Favorites bar
Tabbed browsing
Command bar
The features above are common in most Web browsers.
Article 3 – Surf’s Up Objective 4 – Compare popular Web browsers.
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall        Visualizing Technology

20. By 2007, Firefox had 16% of the browser market share.
Mozilla Firefox
First released in 2004.
By 2007, Firefox had 16% of the browser market share.
Firefox is free and easy to install.
By 2010, Firefox increased its market
share to 24%
Article 3 – Surf’s Up Objective 4 – Compare popular Web browsers.
Figure 7.7
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall        Visualizing Technology

21. Released in 2008, Chrome currently has about a 6% share.
Google Chrome
Released in 2008, Chrome currently has about a 6% share.
The main focus of Chrome is speed.
Chrome is not as full-featured as IE or Firefox.
Safari
Safari is the most popular browser on Macs, and has about a 5% share.
Safari comes bundled with Mac OS X, but is also available for Windows.
Mobile Browsers
Small screen devices use mobile browsers, or
microbrowsers.
Most full size browsers have mobile versions available.
Article 3 – Surf’s Up Objective 4 – Compare popular Web browsers.
Figure 7.8 and 7.9
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22. Configuring your Web browser
Setting the Home Page
The home page appears when you
first open your browser.
You can set any page you want as your
home page.
Setting the Search Providers
You can modify your browser to use the search provider that you prefer.
Choose Manage Search Providers from the menu.
Popular search providers include; Google, Bing, Yahoo!, and Ask.com.
Article 3 – Surf’s Up Objective 4 – Compare popular Web browsers.
Figure 7.11
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23. Add-ons, Plug-ins, and Toolbars
These tools can extend the functionality of your browsers.
The term “extension” can refer to all of these tools.
A Plug-in is a third-party program.
An Add-on is created for a specific browser to add additional features.
Plug-in software is often necessary to view dynamic content, videos, games, and advertisements.
Installing plug-ins is quick and free.
Article 3 – Surf’s Up Objective 4 – Compare popular Web browsers.
Figure 7.13b
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24. Add-ons, Plug-ins, and Toolbars
Check to see which add-ons and plug-ins are installed on your PC in IE.
Open the Tools menu, and click Manage Add-ons.
Disable the add-ons that you no longer want.
Article 3 – Surf’s Up Objective 4 – Compare popular Web browsers.
Figure 7.13a
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25. HTML (hypertext markup language Mobile browser (microbrowser) Plug-in
Key Terms
Add-on
Home page
HTML (hypertext markup language
Mobile browser (microbrowser)
Plug-in
Web browser
Web page
Running Project
Research the version and market shares of the top 5 Web browsers.
How has this changed since the article was written?
Are any of the current top 5 not mentioned in this book?
Three things you need to know
The most popular Web browsers are: Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari.
You can customize the home page and other settings in most Web browsers.
Add-ons and plug-ins extend the functionality of Web browsers.
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26. How to….. create a custom home page using iGoogle
1. Visit and create a Google account.
2. Go to and login.
The Create your own homepage in under 30 seconds screen is displayed.
Check the boxes next to your interests, and fill out the location information.
Now you have an iGoogle page!
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27. 3. You can arrange the various page elements by dragging and dropping.
4. New contend can be added by clicking Add Stuff, in the upper right hand corner.
5. The Gadget Gallery has many gadgets that can
be added to your page.
6. Once you’ve completed the customization, open a new document and explain the steps you took to create your page. Take a screenshot of your page and insert it into the document.
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28. Article 4 – Navigating the Net
Article 4 – Navigating the Net. Objective 4 – Demonstrate how to navigate the Web.
Web Addresses
There are 2 ways to move around the Web
Type in the URL (uniform resource locator) of the site you want to visit.
Follow the embedded hyperlinks from one place to the next.
A website consists of one or more Web pages that are all located in the same place.
The home page of a website is the starting page of the site.
Article 4 – Navigating the Net Objective 4 – Demonstrate how to navigate the Web.
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29. Parts of a URL http://www.google.com
http – The protocol that tells your computer what type of page you’re looking at.
.com – Know as the top level domain (TLD) and represents the type of website you’re visiting.
google – The domain name. It precedes the TLD and is sometimes called the second level domain.
www – Represents the computer on the Google domain and is called the third level domain.
Article 4 – Navigating the Net Objective 4 – Demonstrate how to navigate the Web.
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30. Computers are assigned unique Internet protocol (IP) addresses.
Parts of a URL
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), coordinates the Internet naming system.
Computers are assigned unique Internet protocol (IP) addresses.
IP addresses are composed of numbers.
The Domain Name System (DNS) was developed to add friendly names that are tied to IP addresses.
When you enter a URL in your browser, your computer requests the IP address of the computer.
Article 4 – Navigating the Net Objective 4 – Demonstrate how to navigate the Web.
Figure 7.14b
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31. Google – verb added dictionary in 2001.
Smart Searching
Google – verb added dictionary in 2001.
Internet searching – crucial skill.
After performing a search, check the first few available links. If your intended result is not available, it’s time to take a different approach.
Add additional keywords to further narrow your search results.
Use the advanced search tool to filter the results.
Use Boolean operators to refine your search
Article 4 – Navigating the Net Objective 4 – Demonstrate how to navigate the Web.
Figure 7.16
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32. Send out spiders or bots
Search Engines
Huge databases
Send out spiders or bots
Accept submissions as a way to gather web information
Metasearch engines search other search engines.
It’s important to become familiar with multiple tools to search the web.
Article 4 – Navigating the Net Objective 4 – Demonstrate how to navigate the Web.
Figure 7.15
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33. Domain Name System (DNS) Internet Protocol (IP) address Search engine
Key Terms
Domain name
Domain Name System (DNS)
Internet Protocol (IP) address
Search engine
Top level domain (TLD)
Uniform resource locator (URL)
website
Running Project
Research various search engines.
Select 2 that look interesting and enter the name of your favorite sports team into each.
What were the results?
What were the features of each engine?
Five things you need to know
A web address is also known as a URL.
TLDs are .com, .edu, .gov, and so on.
DNS allows us to use URLs instead of IP addresses to access websites.
Every node on the Internet has a unique IP address.
Search engines are databases that index the Web.
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34. Article 5 – Would I lie to you
Article 5 – Would I lie to you? Objective 5 – Discuss how to evaluate the credibility of information found on the Web.
How do you know what to believe?
You need to be able to evaluate the information that you find on the Web.
Article 5 – Would I lie to you? Objective 5 – Discuss how to evaluate the credibility of information found on the Web.
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35. Study the design of the site
Who wrote it?
Be a skeptic when evaluating information that you find on the Internet, there is a lot of user generated content.
Study the URL.
A restricted TLD such as .edu or .gov gives authority to a site, but even that’s not a guarantee that the author is credible.
Stick to well known sources for your information, or research the authors credentials, if available.
What about the design?
Study the design of the site
A well designed site can still have bad information.
Double-check the information by searching on other sites.
Article 5 – Would I lie to you? Objective 5 – Discuss how to evaluate the credibility of information found on the Web.
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36. Key Term User generated content
Running Project
Use the guidelines in this article to compare and evaluate the 2 websites below.
Four things you need to know
User generated content means anybody can create content on the web.
Use the home page, contact information, and About pages of a website to look for credentials of the author or organization.
Restricted TLDs include .gov and .edu, and they add some credibility to the content.
Good website design doesn’t guarantee credible website content.
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall        Visualizing Technology

37. Article 6 – What can I do with knowledge about the Internet
Article 6 – What can I do with knowledge about the Internet? Objective 6 – Identify the certifications and careers related to the Internet.
Creating a website requires an employee with good technical skills.
Most people look for businesses by searching on the Internet, and a business with a poorly designed website is at a disadvantage.
Article 6 – What can I do with knowledge about the Internet? Objective 6 – Identify the certifications and careers related to the Internet.
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38. Some Web designers are self-taught; others
A Web designer needs to have a good understanding of Web capabilities to create interesting and interactive websites.
Some Web designers are self-taught; others
have degrees in graphic arts, computer
science, e-business, or marketing.
Web Developer
A Web developer is a programmer or
software engineer that specializes in
creating Web applications.
Technologies that a developer use include; JavaScript, PHP, and AJAX.
This career generally requires a four-year degree.
This field will grow rapidly over the decade.
Article 6 – What can I do with knowledge about the Internet? Objective 6 – Identify the certifications and careers related to the Internet.
Figure 7.18
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39. Telecommuting to Save
Millions of Americans telecommute at least part-time.
If 50% of the people that could work from home did so 50% of the time, in the United States, we would:
Save over $650 billion per year
Reduce greenhouse gasses by the equivalent of taking 9 million cars off the road.
Reduce oil imports by 37%
Sun Microsystems has a telecommuting program that saves over 5,000 kilowatt hours per year for each person who works from home just 2 days per week.
Article 6 – What can I do with knowledge about the Internet? Objective 6 – Identify the certifications and careers related to the Internet.
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40. Certified Internet Web Professional (CIW)
This is a vendor-neutral program of certifications that can show a prospective employer the skills you have.
Article 6 – What can I do with knowledge about the Internet? Objective 6 – Identify the certifications and careers related to the Internet.
Figure 7.20
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41. Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall        Visualizing Technology

42. Recognize the importance of the internet.
Chapter 7 Objectives Recap
Recognize the importance of the internet.
Compare types of internet connections.
Compare popular Web browsers.
Demonstrate how to navigate the web.
Discuss how to evaluate the credibility of information found on the Web.
Identify the certifications and careers related to the Internet.
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall        Visualizing Technology

43. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.  
Publishing as Prentice Hall
Copyright ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall        Visualizing Technology