1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION CHAPTER 9 SC B-3.2 Summarize the basic aerobic & anaerobic processes of cellular respiration & interpret the equation

2. Chapter 9 Section 1  Essential Question:  How would you distinguish the two main types of fermentation?

3. CELLULAR RESPIRATION  IS THE PROCESS THAT RELEASES ENERGY BY BREAKING DOWN GLUCOSE IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN

4. Cellular Respiration Equation

6. CELLULAR RESPIRATION: 3 PARTS  IN CYTOPLASM (ANAEROBIC)  GLYCOLYSIS  (FERMENTATION in absence of oxygen)  IN MITOCHONDRIA (AEROBIC)  KREBS CYCLE (aka CITRIC ACID CYCLE)  ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN & CHEMIOSMOSIS

7. GLYCOLYSIS  GLUCOSE ENTERS CELL VIA FACILITATED DIFFUSION  performed by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells  GLUC  GLUCOSE-6- PHOSPHATE    2 PYRUVATE (3-carbon molecule)  COSTS THE CELL 2 ATP BUT MAKES 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)  2 NAD+  2 NADH

9. GLYCOLYSIS

10.  WHAT IT NEEDS:  GLUCOSE  2 ATP  4 ADP + 4 P  2NAD+  WHAT IT MAKES:  2- PYRUVATES  2 ADP + 2 P  4 ATP  2 NADH

11. FERMENTATION  ANAEROBIC  IN CYTOPLASM  NADH  NAD+ (which is used again in glycolysis)  2 TYPES:  ALCOHOLIC YEAST BACTERIA  LACTIC ACID ANIMAL MUSCLE FIBERS

13. ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION

14. LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

15. Chapter 9 Section 2: Aerobic Respiration  Essential Question”  How is energy transferred through the various stages of aerobic cellular respiration?

16. Mitochondrial Structure

17. Structure of Mitochondria

18. KREBS CYCLE: occurs in matrix  2 PYRUVATE  ENTER MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX     6 CO 2  CITRIC ACID 1 ST CPD FORMED HENCE aka CITRIC ACID CYCLE  KREBS CYCLE PRODUCTS:  8 NAD+  8 NADH  2 FAD+  2 FADH 2  2 ATP  6 CO 2

19. FOR EACH MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE: know what comes out the Krebs Cycle

20. Krebs Cycle has many reactions (you do not need to know them) that releases the carbons from pyruvate as CO2 and transfers electrons & H+ to NAD+ and FAD  NADH & FADH2

21. What are NADH & FADH 2 ?  they are very similar to NADPH in photosynthesis  They carry electrons from Kreb’sCycle to electron transport chain (that’s all you need to know about them)

22.  From the Krebs Cycle, NADH & FADH 2 move to the inner membrane of the mitochondria (called the cristae) and transfer the electrons they are carrying to the electron transport chain in the cristae.  As the electrons move down the chain they lose energy some of which is used to move H+ from the matrix to the intermembrane space

23. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN - 1  Electron transport chain activities aka oxidative phosphorylation  hi energy e- move thru a series of e- carrier molecules in the cristae  energy from 2 e- transported down the electron transport chain  moves H+ across the membrane into the intermembrane space (aka the outer membrane space)

24. Inner compartment = matrix outer compartment = intermembrane space (space between outer membrane of mitochondria and inner membrane or cristae

25. Another look @ electron transport chain

26. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN - 2  Chemiosmosis: process in which the energy generated by oxidative phosphorylation generates a proton gradient across the cristae that drives the enzymatic synthesis of ATP  The cristae contain proteins called ATP SYNTHASE which act as a H+ CHANNEL PROTEIN & as an enzyme: ATP SYNTHASE

28. Role of O 2  At the end of the e- transport chain O 2 picks up the e- and combines with H+ to form H 2 O

29. Animations of cellular respiration  http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/bio_animations/MH0 1_CellularRespiration_Web/index.html http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/bio_animations/MH0 1_CellularRespiration_Web/index.html

30. Comparing Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration  captures energy from the Sun  occurs in chloroplast  reactants: 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light  products: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  releases energy from food  occurs in mitochondrion  reactants: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  products: 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + 36 ATP PHOTOSYNTHESISCELLULAR RESPIRATION

31. More Animations!  http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072507470/ student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_the_krebs _cycle_works__quiz_2_.html http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072507470/ student_view0/chapter25/animation__how_the_krebs _cycle_works__quiz_2_.html