1. Urinary System Chapter 17

2. Locate the Kidneys On the back wall of the abdomen Between the 12 th thoracic and 3 rd lumbar vertebrae Are positioned retroperitoneally. o Behind the membrane that encloses the abdomen o Against the muscles of the back

3. Describe the physical appearance of a kidney Looks like a kidney bean! Outer surface is convex, inner is concave. Has two regions: o Medulla – inner region, looks striated o Cortex – outer region, appears granular

4. Name the kidney’s functional unit The nephron. Tiny tubules that are inside the kidney. Responsible for the filtration of blood and production of urine.

5. Briefly describe the process that produces urine. Glomular filtration o The process of filtration of the plasma by glomerular capillaries. Tubular reabsorption o When the kidney reclaims the right amounts of substances: Glucose, water, electrolytes Tubular secretion o When some substances are eliminated more quickly Hydrogen ions and toxins

6. List the normal constituents of urine 95% water – depending on hydration Urea and uric acid Amino acids Electrolytes

7. Identify a possible diagnosis from a urinalysis TestAbnormal Conditions pHLow (<4.5) – diabetes, starvation, dehydration, respiratory acidosis High (>7.5) – kidney disease, kidney failure, UTI, respiratory alkalosis glucoseDiabetes mellitus albuminKidney disease yeastYeast infection in urinary tract ketonesStarvation, prolonged vomiting, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, metabolic disorders

8. Describe the pathway/Why its possible Kidneys Ureters – 2 – come from each kidney and empty into the bladder Bladder – muscular walls, can stretch Urethra – 1 – has a sphincter that is consciously controlled – you tell it when to open.