1. Empowering Library Discovery and Management Services with Social Data
Marshall Breeding
Independent Consultant, Author, and
Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides
International Conference on E-Publishing 
27 July, 2015

2. Description
Marshall Breeding will give an overview of the current realm of library resource management systems and discovery services, highlighting some of the major technology trends. These products increasingly leverage use data and social networking concepts to provide more targeted and personalized services. Breeding will explore this trend among others and its implications for privacy and security of library users. Trends addressed include how social media has help shape the realm of E-Publishing.

3. Topics covered Reports and resources
Trends in library resource management systems
Trends in discovery services
Discovery beyond the library
Empowering Discovery with Social Data
Trends in resource sharing and collaborative infrastructure

4. Library Technology Guides

5. Recent Reports American Libraries Library Systems Report
2015 online edition published May 1
“Operationalizing Innovation”
Future of Library Resource Discovery
NISO White Paper commissioned by the Document to Delivery Topic Committee
Published Feb 20, 2015
Perceptions Surveys
2015 edition recently published

6. Perceptions 2014 http://librarytechnology.org/perceptions/2014/
Annual survey for Libraries
Satisfaction levels for
Company
Current ILS
Service
Loyalty
Migration Plans
3,141 Responses
80 Countries

7. Perceptions Survey 2014
Sample: Large Academic Libraries

8. Libraries Considering Switching Systems

9. Satisfaction levels: Large Academic

10. Library Systems Report 2015
“Operationalizing innovation”

12. American Libraries Library Systems Report
Library Systems Report 2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation
Online Publication: April 15, 2015
Covers calendar year activities
Report produced from:
Questionnaire of statistics and narrative completed by each major vendor
Press announcements made throughout the year
Other background information

13. Library Technology Industry Reports
American Libraries
Library Journal
2013: Rush to Innovate
2012: Agents of Change
2011: New Frontier
2010: New Models, Core Systems
2009: Investing in the Future
2008: Opportunity out of turmoil
2007: An industry redefined
2006: Reshuffling the deck
2005: Gradual evolution
2004: Migration down, innovation up
2003: The competition heats up
2002: Capturing the migrating customer
2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation
2015: Operationalizing Innovation

14. Industry Revenues $1.8 billion global industry
$805 million from companies involved in the US
$495 million from US Libraries

15. Personnel Resources 2014

16. Personnel Growth / Loss

17. Evolution of Resource Management

18. Transition to Electronic Publishing
Academic libraries devote majority of collections budgets to electronic materials
Open access represents a growing proportion of scholarly resources, though still a small minority
Public libraries increasingly offer e-book lending services
Academic libraries: primarily electronic collections
Public Libraries: Primarily physical collections

19. Implications of e-publishing
Resource management systems for academic libraries must be optimized for electronic resources
License management
Open access outside of paid subscriptions
Portfolio-based management – use knowledge base to delineate individual titles and date coverage of aggregated content packages
Efficiently manage e-books
Demand-driven acquisitions

20. Fragmented Resource Management
Integrated Library System for management of (mostly) print
Duplicative financial systems between library and university
Electronic Resource Management
E-Resource knowledge base and Link Resolver
A-Z e-journal lists and other finding aids
Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending)
Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)
Separate systems for archival materials and special collections
Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections
No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

21. Cycles of fragmentation > unification
Early Phase: Modular automation
Integrated Library Systems
Proliferation of systems to manage electronic resources and digital collections
Current unification phase: library services platforms bring together print and electronic resource management
Next phase? Bring archival and digital assets under common management platform

22. Integrated (for print) Library System
Staff Interfaces:
Public Interfaces:
Interfaces
Business Logic
Circulation
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
Online Catalog
Data Stores
BIB
Holding / Items
Circ Transact
User
Vendor
$$$
Funds
Policies

23. LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
Circ Transact
User
Vendor
Policies
$$$
Funds
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
Online Catalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces `
E-resource Procurement
License Management
Protocols: CORE
E-Journal Titles
Vendors
License Terms

24. Common approach for ERM
Circulation
BIB
Staff Interfaces:
Holding / Items
Circ Transact
User
Vendor
Policies
$$$
Funds
Cataloging
Acquisitions
Serials
Online Catalog
Public Interfaces:
Application Programming Interfaces
Budget
License Terms
Titles / Holdings
Vendors
Access Details

25. Comprehensive Resource Management
Simplify resource management through platform consolidation
Separate components: ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model
Consolidation requires a flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows

26. Library Services Platform
Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services
Services
Services-oriented architecture
Exposes Web services and other API’s
Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users
Platform
General infrastructure for library automation
Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service
Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

27. Library Services Platforms – Functional
Manages electronic and print formats of materials
Replaces multiple incumbent products
Extensive Metadata Management
Multiple procurement workflows
Knowledgebases
Built-in collection analytics
Decision support for collection development

28. Knowledge bases
Electronic Resource Management based on collective database of the body of e-content rather than library- by-library management
LSP extends knowledge base model to all resources
Make links or associations from local holdings to common bibliographic records
WorldShare Management Services – based on WorldCat Bibliographic records
Ex Libris Alma – includes Community Zone of shared records and resources
Intota: expanded knowledge base that includes MARC and other resources

29. Support for BIBFRAME
New bibliographic framework based on mapping MARC concepts and data into linked data model
No direct support for BIBFRAME in either integrated library systems or library services platforms
Developers are involved in BIBFRAME initiative
Operational implementations will come once the model has stabilized
Current phase of experimental projects and prototypes
Applies differently to discovery versus resource management

30. Library Services Platforms – Technical
Beyond Client/Server Computing
Multi-tenant platforms
Web-based interfaces
Services-oriented architecture
Exposes APIs for extensibility and interoperability
Interoperable

31. New Library Management Model
Consolidated index
Unified Presentation Layer
Search:
Digital Coll
ProQuest
EBSCO …
JSTOR
Other Resources
Self-Check / Automated Return `
API Layer
Library Services Platform
Discovery Service
Stock Management
Enterprise Resource Planning
Smart Cad / Payment systems
Learning Management
Authentication Service

32. Resource Management Models
Category
Integrated Library System
Progressive integrated library System
Library Services Platform
Resources managed
Physical
Print, electronic
Electronic, Physical
Technology platform
Server-based
Multi-tenant SaaS
Knowledgebases
None
e-holdings, bibliographic
Patron interfaces
Browser-based
Staff interfaces
Graphical Desktop (Java Swing, Windows, Mac OS)
Procurement models
Purchase
Purchase, license
license
Hosting option
Local install, ASP
Saas Only
Interoperability
Batch transfer, proprietary API
Batch transfer, RESTful APIs,
APIs (mostly RESTful)
Products
SirsiDynix Symphony, Millennium, Polaris
Sierra, SirsiDynix Symphony/BLUEcloud, Polaris, Apollo
WorldShare Management Services, Alma, ProQuest Intota, Sierra, Kuali OLE
Development strategy
Brownfield
Greenfield (mixed)

33. Development Timeline for Library Services Platforms

34. Library Services Platform Installations
Production installations as of December 2014
Product
Installations
2014 Sales
Sierra
495
123
Alma
406 43
WorldShare Management Services
303 79
Kuali OLE 2 10
Intota 21

35. Cycle of adoption and deployment
Beginning of a new cycle of transition that will last a decade
Development and beta phase complete
Now in mass deployment phase
Over the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms
Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

36. Trends in library resource discovery

37. Web-scale Index-based Discovery
ILS Data
Web-scale Index-based Discovery
(2009- present)
Digital Collections
Search:
Web Site Content
Institutional Repositories
Search Results
Aggregated Content packages
Consolidated Index …
E-Journals
Your title is covered up with the ILS data content – DISCO instead of Discovery
Usage-generated Data
Customer Profile
Reference Sources
Pre-built harvesting and indexing

38. Comprehensive Library Portal
Integrated Library System
Library Web site
Subject Guides
Article, Databases, E-Book collections
Public Interfaces:
Presentation Layer

39. Discovery Service Statistics
Discovery Product
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Installed
EBSCO Discovery Service
1774
2634
8246
Primo
506
111
101 98 88
1529
Encore 56 72 36
Summon
164
214
158
195
697
WorldCat Discovery
2085

40. Demise of the local catalog
Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory
Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface
Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services

41. Fully Integrated Strategy
Library services Platform
Index-based discovery service
Integrated link resolution
Shared e-resource knowledgebase
Analytics available from back-end and discovery perspective

42. Split Management / Discovery Strategy
Library Services Platform for management of print and electronic resources
Separate index-based discovery
Knowledge base probably provided through Library Services Platform
Link Resolution separate from Discovery: how to perform smart linking?
Export and sync resource records from management to discovery service
API look-ups for resource availability and status
Patron profile and services request split between discovery and resource management components

43. Empowering Discovery with Social Data

44. Social Media and Networks
Engagement with social networks a global phenomenon
Facebook – Twitter – Instagram -- Snapchat
An essential element of the student experience
How to infuse or adapt social characteristic into the academic experience

45. Social aspects of Library Resource Discovery
Integrated features that enable users to interact socially with other patrons
Rate content and share with communities
Form social groups that share academic interests
Reading clubs (Public library context)
Identify items of interest based on ratings and referrals of other users

46. Social impact on scholarly publishing
The impact of a research article has traditionally been measured through citations in other scholarly works
Today, impact is also a factor of exposure in social networks
Many scholars share references through Twitter and other general social network platforms
Many other discipline-specific forums
Alternative metrics of impact that include non- traditional references

47. Refining discovery socially
Collect and take advantage of use data to help identify items of interest
Tune relevancy rankings based on use data and social elements

48. Personalization
Social networks set expectations for highly personalized services
User profiles that set basic affiliations (major area of study, department, etc)
Systems that learn about the patron’s interest with increased use of the system
Searches performed, articles selected, etc
Potential for discovery services blend individual and aggregated use data to deliver customized results and relevancy rankings

49. Example: bx:
makes recommendations based on associations implied in OpenURL link server logs
Important data held in selections made by researchers within a given search session.
Identifies related materials not necessarily apparent by key words or subject term assignments.

50. Social vs Privacy
Social features assume some degree of knowledge about a user
Personal or categorical?
Concern to protect privacy while leveraging social data or features
Is it possible to fully anonymize personal data related to search behavior?

51. Privacy and security recommendations
Respect the privacy of library users in all possible ways
Possible to capture extensive information through readily available tools and technologies
Encrypt search sessions. (data in motion)
Encrypt stored patron details.

52. General Security concerns
All library systems must follow industry standards for security
Increasingly expected to encrypt all network traffic
https or equivalent
Security compliance certifications for data centers and hosted services

53. Beyond Library Discovery
Discovery happens elsewhere

54. Discovery Beyond Library-provided Interfaces
Reality that most discovery happens external to library
Improve discoverability of library resources
Locally: through incorporation of SEO and semantic encoding
Especially schema.org
Globally: OCLC, Google Scholar and other services

55. Discovery beyond Library Interfaces
Improved performance of library content through Google Scholar
Same expectations for transparency?
Better exposure of library-oriented content
Schema.org or other microdata formats
Better exposure of scholarly resources
Open access & Proprietary
Embedded tools in other campus interfaces

56. Changing models of Resource Sharing

57. Progressive consolidation of library services
Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus
Resource sharing support
Direct borrowing among partner institutions
Shared infrastructure between institutions
Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University / Cornell University)
Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

58. Integrated Library System
Search:
Bibliographic Database
Library System
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
Patrons use Circulation features to request items from other branches
Model:
Multi-branch Independent Library
System
Floating Collections may reduce workload for
Inter-branch transfers

59. Consortial Resource Sharing System
Search:
Bibliographic Database
Library System A
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
Bibliographic Database
Library System D
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
NCIP
Resource Sharing Application
Bibliographic Database
Discovery and Request Management Routines
Staff Fulfillment Tools
Inter-System Communications
NCIP
SIP
ISO ILL
Z39.50
NCIP
Bibliographic Database
Library System B
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
Bibliographic Database
Library System E
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
NCIP
NCIP
Bibliographic Database
Library System C
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
Bibliographic Database
Library System F
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 3
Branch 4
Branch 5
Branch 6
Branch 7
Branch 8
Holdings
Main Facility
NCIP
NCIP

60. Bibliographic Database
Shared Consortial ILS
Search:
Bibliographic Database
Shared Consortia System
Library 2
Library 3
Library 4
Library 5
Library 7
Library 8
Library 9
Library 10
Holdings
Library 1
Library 6
Model:
Multiple independent libraries in a
Consortium
Share an ILS
ILS configured
To support
Direct consortial
Borrowing through Circulation Module

61. Shared Infrastructure
Common discovery
Retention of local automation systems
Technical complex with moderate operational benefits
Common discovery + Resource Management Systems
Shared Resource management with local discovery options

62. Moving toward Collaborative Infrastructure

63. Benefits of shared infrastructure
Increased cooperation and resource sharing
Collaborative collection management
Lower costs per institution
Greater universe of content readily available to patrons
Avoid add-on components for union catalog and resource requests and routing

64. Large-scale Implementations
Scale of any given project is no longer limited
Multi-tenant systems are already supporting very large numbers of sites
Shared implementation does not necessarily require more resources than separate ones

65. Orbis Cascade Alliance
Campus Libraries 37
Aggregated Enrollment
258,000
Total Titles
9 million
Total Items
28 million

66. WHELF Wales Higher Education Libraries Forum Institution
Wales Higher Education Libraries Forum
Institution
Prior ILS
Bib Records
Aberystwyth University
Voyager
677,846
Bangor & Glyndwr University
Sierra
591,673
Cardiff University & Welsh National Health Service
856,381
Cardiff Metropolitan University
Alto
269,965
National Library of Wales
Virtua
6,643,696
Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama
53,544
Swansea University
738,399
University of South Wales
Symphony
365,602
University of Wales Trinity St. David
Horizon
637,326
Total
10,834,432

67. California State University
Institution
Titles
Volumes
Circulation
Staff FTE
Bakersfield
473,134
637,606
15,714 25
Channel Islands
100,433
255,594 24
Chico
850,000
1,265,907
32,182 59
Dominguez Hills
628,193
637,064
8,456 38
East Bay
944,415
1,139,057
33,491 43
Fresno
1,928,624
1,345,398
208,491 78
Fullerton
1,153,714
1,256,867
61,486 74
Humboldt
692,017
807,101
30,300 31
Long Beach
1,198,788
3,073,252
147,461 68
Los Angeles
926,498
983,229
35,665 48
Maritime Academy
42,854
154,820
5,439 8
Monterey Bay
277,228
333,982
27,768 16
Northridge
1,575,695
2,170,589
130,322
138
Pomona
776,251
1,058,236
43,514
Sacramento
1,189,093
1,415,562
98,675 66
San Bernardino
935,366
868,453
29,001 90
San Diego
2,340,641
2,513,984
46,402
106
San Francisco
1,524,464
1,677,437
89,161 89
San Jose
1,505,676
1,441,279
94,745 88
San Luis Obispo
805,508
724,531
38,895 62
San Marcos
441,812
538,203
17,071 47
Sonoma
506,040
585,082
191,187 34
Stanislaus
344,311
513,565
31,611 27
Total
21,160,755
25,396,798
1,417,037
1,307

68. Comparison of Projects
Institution
Volumes
Libraries
Harvard University
18,900,000 79
Orbis Cascade Alliance
28,000,000 66
WHELF
10,834,432 32
California State University
25,396,798 25
University of California
45,000,000
100

69. Questions and discussion