1. 1970s

2. A Change in America
How would you describe the mindset and ideas of the 1960s?
Counterculture
Anti-establishment
Free Love
Drugs
Things changed in the 1970s…
Young adults became more materialistic and conservative
For rock fans, the end of the counterculture was symbolized by the deaths of Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison, and by the breakup of the Beatles

3. 1970s
Record industries wanted to present more music choices for its customers
The styles emerged in the 70s
Soft rock
Hard rock
Country rock
Folk rock
Punk rock
Glam rock
Jazz rock
Blues rock
Latin Rock
Disco!
(and more!)

4. FM Radio
It was still the FM radio that was the primary medium for broadcasting rock music
During the 70s, the number of FM radio stations in the US increased by almost a thousand
The popularity of the FM radio (who just played Top 40 hits) surpassed AM radio stations
Seeking to boost their advertising revenues, many FM stations moved to a formatted called AOR aimed at young white males
AOR= Album-oriented rock
AOR formatted featured hard rock bands such as Led Zeppelin

5. Black Artists
Older soul and R&B artists like Aretha Franklin and James Brown, though still popular among black listeners, found it more difficult to get on the pop- and rock-dominated Top 40 charts Atlantic Records, a pioneer in the field of R&B and soul music, increasingly turned its attention to grooming and promoting white rock acts like Led Zeppelin

6. Theme Albums in the 70s

7. Glam Rock/ David Bowie
Glam rock= short for glamour; emphasized the elaborate, showy personal appearance and costuming of its performers
Pioneer= David Bowie
He created a rock album centered on a fictitious character- Ziggy Stardust
His albums showed pictures of him playing Ziggy, decked out in futuristic clothing and heavy facial makeup, androgynous, and cosmic looking
Bowie’s unique ability to create quasi-fictional stage personae was a precedent of the image manipulation of the 1980s stars like Prince, Michael Jackson, and Madonna

8. Joni Mitchell
Created a successful rock album by an emotional, philosophical, or political theme
She didn’t create a character for herself like David Bowie
She was a singer-songwriter
Her album “Blue” were songs about the complexities of love
This album focuses on Mitchell's voice and acoustic guitar

9. Pink Floyd
Pink Floyd Dark Side Of The Moon - YouTube
Their album “Dark Side of the Moon” is based on a theme of madness and things that drive us to it- time, work, money, war, and fear of death
If there was ever an antidote to the notion that popular music must be cheerful and upbeat in order to be successful, Dark Side of the Moon is it
It stayed on the Billboard charts for over 14 years, longer than any other record in history
Wizard of Oz….

10. Marvin Gaye What's Going On - YouTube
A final example of the “theme album” is Marvin Gaye’s bestselling album “What’s Going On” which fused soul music and gospel influence with progressive rock
The basic unifying theme of this album is social justice
It’s a plea for nonviolence
Motown owner Berry Gordy didn’t want to release this album because he didn’t think it would have commercial success
The album reached #2 on the charts
Marvin Gaye proved that soul and R&B albums could provide artistic coherence that transcended the 3 minute single
What's Going On - YouTube

11. Other music genres in the 70s

12. Hard Rock/ Led Zeppelin
By the early 1970s, the British hard rock band Led Zeppelin was well on its way to becoming the most profitable and influential act in rock music They were the pioneers of heavy/hard rock “Stairway to Heaven”= most famous recording It’s been called the “anthem” of heavy metal music
Led Zeppelin-Stairway to Heaven - YouTube

13. Don’t forget about Willie!
We have already discussed the Willie Nelson was a popular “Outlaw” country singer during the 1970s It was because of his unpolished, almost conversational voice that he didn’t do well in Nashville, TN (where all the “real” country stars were getting paid big!)
Willie Nelson - Always on my mind - YouTube

14. Reggae
Definition= a potent mixture of Caribbean folk music and American rhythm and blues
During the 70s, a handful of Jamaican musicians achieved a measure of commercial success in the US
American and British rock musicians found inspiration in this style such as The Police, Elvis Costello, Paul Simon, and Eric Clapton
Big theme in reggae music= Rastafarianism
 Rastafarianism= new religious movement that arose in a Christian culture in Jamaica in the 1930s
The guitar often plays short, choppy chords on the second and fourth beat of each measure, giving the music a bouncy, up and down feeling

15. Bob Marley
Jimmy Cliff was the first Jamaican musician to gain recognition in the US, but Bob Marley surpassed him in popularity A national hero in his native Jamaica, Marley was reggae’s most effective international ambassador His songs of determination, rebellion, and faith, rooted in the Rastafarian belief system, found a worldwide audience
Bob Marley - One Love - YouTube

16. Funk
By the early 1970s the term “funk” was being used as a label for a genre of popular music characterized by strong, danced- oriented rhythms and catchy melodies Jazz influenced solos and horn sections James Brown was one of the prime inspirations for funk musicians Other importantly artists: Kool and the Gang; Sly and the Family Stone; George Clinton

17. We Want REBELLION
During the 1970s, the first “alternative” movements emerged within rock music While rock had begun as a vital part of the 1960s counterculture, by 1975 it had come perilously close to occupying the center of popular taste This made young musicians feel that rock’s rebellious, innovative potential had been squandered by pampered, pretentious rock stars and the major record companies that promoted them

18. Punk Rock
Punk Rock= a “back to basics” rebellion against the perceived artifice and pretension of corporate rock music New wave= developed along side punk; it’s the more commercial cousin of punk music Punk was a much a cultural style- an attitude defined by a rebellion against authority and a deliberate rejection of middle-class values- as it was a musical genre Punk was a stripped down and often purposefully “nonmusical” version of rock music with lyrics that stressed the ironic or dark dimension of human existence- drug addiction, despair, suicide, lust, and violence

19. NEW WAVE
THE COMMERCIAL COUSIN OF PUNK ROCK

20. Punk continued
This kind of tradition began in the 50s when white teenagers were listening to R&B to annoy their parents. This continued on through the 60s Punk fashion: torn blues jeans, ripped stockings, outfits patched with ragged bits of contrasting materials, and perhaps a safety pin through the cheek Some flirted with fascist imagery, attaching Nazi swastikas to their clothing and associating with the racist “skinhead” movement

21. How Punk got started
Punk (and it’s commercial cousin new wave) began in New York City during the mid-70s One of the main predecessors of punk rock was an American musical institution called the garage band, typically a neighborhood operation, made up of young men who usually played for themselves or friends

22. The Velvet Underground
The Velvet Underground, a New York group promoted by Andy Warhol who painted the famous banana for the cover of their album They came along in the late 60s Their music was rough-edged and chaotic, extremely loud and deliberately anti-commercial- the beginnings of punk music Lead singer and guitarist= Lou Reed

23. The Ramones
The first REAL punk rock band Formed in 1974 in New York City Played at CBGB= a converted folk music club Their songs that had catchy, pop-inspired melodies, were played at extremely fast tempos and generally were short

24. Some Other Punk Artists during the 70s
The Stooges New York Dolls Patti Smith Television Blondie The Talking Heads Sex Pistols

25. Disco
The term “disco” was derived from “discotheque” a term first used in Europe during the 60s to refer to nightclubs devoted to the playing of recorded music for dancing
By the mid-70s clubs featuring an uninterrupted stream of dance music were increasingly common in the US, particularly in Black and Latino communities
The first big early disco hit is Donna Summer’s “Love to Love You Baby”
This song reflects the 1970s strong reliance on musical technologies

26. Saturday Night Fever
By the late 1970s, disco had taken over the popular mainstream, owing in large part to the success of the film Saturday Night Fever This film launched the career of the big disco group the Bee Gees Spreading from the urban communities, disco dancing offered millions of Americans access to glamour that hadn't been experienced widely since the days of the grand ballrooms Brought about a new style of fashion: if you AND your clothes could pass through the velvet rope, you were allowed access into the inner sanctum Soon people started HATING disco: it was linked to gay culture.

27. Stayin’ alive
THE BEE GEES

28. 1980s
Music in Trouble
New Technologies
MTV

29. Music is in trouble for a bit…
The 1980s began on a sour note…
Following a period of rapid expansion in the mid- 1970s, 1979 saw an 11 percent drop in annual record sales nationwide
But by the mid 1980s, when the industry began to climb out of its hole, it was clear that the recovery was due more to the mega-success of a few recordings by these superstar musicians- Michael Jackson, Madonna, Prince, Bruce Springsteen, Whitney Houston, Phil Collins, Janet Jackson, and others

30. Why had music been in trouble?
Other forms of entertainment
Home video
Cable television
Vide games
Decline of disco
An increase in illegal copying of commercial recordings by consumers with cassette tape decks

31. New TECHNOLOGY
The 1980s were EXTREMELY important for introducing new technological devices to play and create music
Sony Walkman personal tape players
Boom boxes
CDs (this made the popularity of vinyl records decline)
Drum machines, sequencers, samplers
Computers (PCs)

32. MTV
Remember what Jack Black said in the movie yesterday? MTV killed Rock and Roll…
Well MTV changed the way the music industry worked: it became the preferred method for launching a new act or promoting the latest release of a major superstar
It strongly influenced the direction of popular music in the early 80s
MTV’s relentless focus on white rock artists reminded many critics of the practices of AOR radio in the 1970s
People like Michael Jackson and Rick James were who making hit records couldn’t even break into MTV

33. Songs from the 80s
Sweet Dreams
What’s Love Got to Do with It
Jump

34. “SWEET DREAMS (ARE MADE OF THESE)”
This number one single from the early 80s exemplifies one of the directions dance music took in the post-disco era
With its heavy reliance on electronically-synthesized sounds, sequenced loops, and what has been described as a cool or austere emotion tone, Eurythmics’ “Sweet Dreams” points the way toward later technology-centered music styles such as techno
Eurythmics lead singer is Annie Lennox
This song’s popularity was boosted by the music video
Annie Lennox presents herself as an androgynous figure like David Bowie
“Sweet Dreams” is a good example of new wave music of the early 80s

35. Sweet dreams
Eurythmics

36. “What’s love got to do with it”
Tina Turner had been in the music business for over 20 years before this song came out
Member of Ike (her husband) and Tina Turner
Left him later because of his abusive behavior
This song stayed on the charts for 28 weeks and earned her 3 Grammy awards
Her life story, and tough persona helps to explain her appeal as the first black woman to attain major status in the predominately white male field of arena rock music

37. Tina Turner
Proud mary (70s)
What’s love got to do with it (80s)

38. HEAVY METAL MUSIC
Heavy metal music, pioneered in the late 60s-70s by bands like Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple, went into a period of decline during the late 70s due to the disco craze
By the early 80s, most hit singles were oriented more toward post-disco music played on keyboard synthesizers than toward the electric guitar of heavy metal bands
The music industry tended to ignore heavy metal music, regarding it and its core audience of adolescent white males as something of an embarrassment
During the 80s, however, heavy metal came back with vengeance!
A slew of metal albums topped the singles and album charts, ranging from pop metal sounds of bands like Van Halen, Bon Jovi, Motely Crue, and Def Leppard to the harder sound of speed metal bands like Metallica, Slayer, Anthrax, and Megadeath

39. “Jump”
One of the most important moments in the mainstreaming of heavy metal was the release of Van Halen's album 1984, which feature the number pop single “Jump”
It was a remarkable departure from standard heavy metal practice
Its main instrumental melody was played on a synthesizer rather than an electric guitar
Eddie Van Halen, lead guitarist, was widely recognized as a primary innovator in electric guitar performances, for developing widely used techniques
Although some hardcore metal fans criticized Van Halen for moving away from the guitar-centered model of heavy metal musicianship, the band succeeded in introducing synthesizers into the genre, and in helping to spread metal’s popularity to a larger and more diverse audience
In 1983 only 8 percent of records sold in the US were heavy metal; a year later that total had risen to 20 percent making metal one of the most popular genres of popular music

40. Jump
Van Halen

41. Albums from the 80s
Thriller
Born in the USA

42. Thriller- Michael jackson
This album demonstrated an across the board appeal that established new and still unduplicated heights of commercial success
Michael Jackson was wise to use 2 very popular and very different white artists on this album: Paul McCartney and Eddie Van Halen
“The Girl is Mine”= McCartney/ “Beat It”- Van Halen
Much of Thriller consists of uptempo, synthesizer- and bass-driven, danceable music that occupies a middle ground between heavy funk and new wave music
Seven of the nine songs on the album were hit singles on the radio
This is also when the moonwalk dance was introduced

43. Thriller
Michael Jackson

44. BORN IN THE USA
Bruce Springsteen’s songs reflected his working-class origins and sympathies
His band, E Street Band, included a saxophone- this was extremely rare during this time period. It referred back to R&B and rock and roll of the earlier eras
Problem: much of his music was about the lyrics because it was about the American Dream, but due to loud amplification, audiences could barely hear what he was saying!
Like Michael Jackson, he created many music videos for each of his hit singles of this album
It sold over 15 million copies

45. Born in the usa
Bruce Springsteen

46. The Production of the Celebrity
Prince
Madonna

47. The celebrity
While stars such as Bing Crosby, the Beatles, and Bob Dylan had played an important role in shaping their own public image, the 80s saw the rise of a new breed of music superstar
Madonna and Prince= superstars
Both self-conscious authors of their own celebrity
Creators of multiple artistic alter egos
Highly skilled manipulators of the mass media
Sought to blur the boundaries of race, religion, and sexuality
Came up with new and controversial songs and images

48. Madonna She was always second to that of Michael Jackson in the 80s
She was a controversial figure that brought about stark contrasting reactions
1987 Rolling Stones readers’ poll awarded her 2nd place for Best Female Singer and 1st place for Worst Female Singer. Also 3rd place for Best Dressed Female and 1st place for Worst Dressed Female
During the 2nd half of the 80s, Madonna began to write and record songs with deeper- and more controversial-lyric content (Papa Don’t Preach)
Throughout her career, Madonna Ciccone (talented ambitious Italian American woman from the suburbs of industrial Detroit) has released tidbits of information about her private life, attitudes, and values, that invite her fans to imagine what the woman behind the “star-making machinery” is “really” like

49. Madonna
Like a Virgin

50. Prince
Over the course of his career, Prince has sold almost 40 million recordings, making him one of the most popular music superstars of the last two decades of the 20th century
More importantly, Prince is one of the most talented musicians ever to achieve mass commercial success in the field of popular music
Grew up in Minnesota listening to James Brown, to Santana, to Joni Mitchell
During the 80s he composed, performed, and recorded more than 75 songs each year. This is an example of his amazing productivity
His style uses a wide range of musical inspirations, from funk to rock n’ rock to urban folk music to new wave to psychedelic rock
His personality and appearances starkly contrast each other: flower child, male chauvinist, shy and private, sex god
Throughout his career, he has granted few press interviews
Created a film called Purple Rain. The album Purple Rain was the bestselling album of 1984

51. Kiss
Prince

52. 1990s-Today
Thriller
Born in the USA

53. Popular music
The bestselling albums of the 1990s featured an extraordinary variety of artists ranging form “adult contemporary” divas like Celine Dion, Janet Jackson and Mariah Carey t country music stars like Clint Black, Shania Twain, to R&B like Boyz II Men, to rap like Snoop Dogg , to hard rock and heavy metal bands like Aerosmith and Metallic, to punk-influenced alternative rock bands such as Nirvana, Pearl Jam, and the Red Hot Chili Peppers, to the confessional “alternative singer-songwriter” Alanis Morisette

54. Techno Techno culture is focused on DJ/producers
Main venues for techno are dance clubs and semipublic events called raves, partly modeled on the of the 1960s counterculture
A controversial aspect of raves is the prevalent use of a psychoactive drug called Ecstasy which creates visceral sensations of warmth and euphoria
The roots of techno are often traced to the Detroit area, home of Motown during the early 80s
At the same time, a genre called house music was developing in Chicago
The 1990s techno music began to diversify into dozens of subcategories (trance, trip-hop, acid jazz, ambient, etc.)
Although techno hasn’t produced many big commercial hits throughout history, techno recordings were used as soundtracks for technologically oriented TV commercials and films

55. INDIE rock
In the wake of punk rock’s collapse (symbolized by the breakup of the Sex Pistols), a number of distinctive streams of “indie rock” came about in a number of cities and towns in the US (Boston, San Francisco, Seattle, etc.)
Many of these communities are home to large populations of college students and to student-programmed college radio stations, both key ingredients for a regional underground scene
Bands like the Pixies, Sonic Youth, R.E.M, and Nirvana came to symbolize the essence of indie rock
Indie rock= local, anti-commercial, guitar-based music blending the abrasive punk with think textures of heavy metal
They were committed to songwriting that explored taboo issues (drug use, depression, incest, suicides and interested in social and political movements such as environmentalism, abortion, and AIDS activism
This music was geared towards working-class male audiences

56. INDIE Rock
R.E.M.
SONIC YOUTH

57. Hardcore MUSIC
Speed= blending the fast tempos and rebellious attitude of hardcore with technical virtuosity of heavy metal guitar playing
 Lyrics often expressed nihilistic views or deal with social issues using visceral, gory language
Hardcore= extreme variation of punk
This entailed moshing at shows
Buzz cuts and combat boots
Few of these bands scored contracts with major labels

58. Nirvana Lead singer= Kurt Cobain
He later joined Club 27 by committing suicide in 1994
Married Courtney Love. Both were heavily addicted to strong drugs
They created a style known as grunge music
Inspired by the creativity of the Beatles
By 1992, after touring with Sonic Youth, they beat Michael Jackson on the charts earning the number one spot
Their most famous song “Smells like Teen Spirit” is a combination of heavy metal instrumental textures and pop songwriting techniques
This was the first alternative rock single of the 90s to enter toe Top 10. It is a carefully crafted pop song

59. Smells like teen spirit
Nirvana

60. Women Ani DiFrance (folk singer-songwriter) K.d. Lang (country singer)
Lauryn Hill (hip-hop)
Alanis Morissette  (alternative singer-songwriter)

61. Today Rock is still around today
Styles that have emerged since 1999-today
Emo= more subdued, emotional form of punk
Pop-punk (Good Charlotte, Sum 41, Simple Plan, Fall-Out Boy, Blink-182)
Digital electronic rock
Indie
Alternative
Still have post-punk and heavy metal bands

62. 1999-TODAY Foo Fighters Interpol Marylin Manson Wilco Kings of Leon
Arcade Fire
The Strokes
Yeah Yeah Yeahs
White Stripes
My Chemical Romance
Paramore
Panic at the Disco
So many more, not enough room to list!!

63. Importance of rock Major influence on fashion
Changed opinions about African Americans
Expressed feelings about gender and sexuality
Made people aware of political and social issues
It was an outlet and brought people happiness and a way to dance when times were hard economically or a war was going on
Religious views were heavily expressed through this genre of music (Christianity, Satanism, Rastafarianism, etc.)
Gave people an outlet to express themselves in a rebellious manner