1. FACTORS AFFECTING A PILOT OF1 Iva Janečková 24 th Transport Airbase Prague-Kbely

2. FACTORS AFFECTING PILOT 1. 1. Health eligibility(JAR-FCL 3) 2. 2. Limitations of pilots' performance 1. 2. 3. Human errors Resources Questions

3. 1. HEALTH ELIGIBILITY General requirements: O Somatic condition O Mental condition O Visual ability O Acoustic ability O Pilot shouldn't suffer with disease that could slow him down or cause sudden inability to perform tasks for the flight

4. 1.1 HEALTH ELIGIBILITY CLASSES O First class: - Commercial aircraft, airships, helicopters and powered-lift aircraft pilot -Transport aircraft, helicopters and powered-lift aircraft pilot - Pilot license in a multi-crew aircraft O Second class: - Aerial navigator - Flight engineer - A private pilot in airplanes, airships, helicopters and powered-lift aircraft - Glider pilot - Free balloon pilot O Third class: - Air traffic controllers

5. 1.2 VALIDITY & RENEWAL of CERTIFICATES O Validity: First class: 12 months since the date of issue up to 60 years Second class: 5, 2 & 1 year, depends on the age of applicant (40, 50, 60) Third class: 2 & 1 year, depends on the age of applicant (to 40 and to 60)

6. 2. LIMITATIONS OF PILOTS‘ PERFORMANCE O Limitating factors – changes in temperature and pressure of varying altitudes, +/- G-force, solar radiation, vibration, noise from engines, etc. O Preventing failure during the flight pilot should know all the symptoms of the diseases and conditions that can appear at the moment.

7. 2.1 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 2.1.1 HYPOXIA O Generally, it is a lack of oxygen in tissues. It can lead to complete loss of consciousness. ALT: 18 000 ft 20 000 ft 25 000 ft 30 000 ft 35 000 ft 40 000 ft LTUC: 30-40 min 5-10 min 3-5 min 45-90 sec 30-45 sec 15-25 sec 2.1.2 HYPERVENTILATION O Caused by state of mind (stress situation, the feeling of fear, anxiety or nausea) O May lead to loss of consciousness

8. 2.1.3 CHANGES IN AIR PRESSURE Ear cavity – Middle ear barotrauma can lead to rupture of the eardrum Paranasal sinuses – In case of having a cold there could be a headache Digestive tract – Can cause pain with a feeling of bloating 2.1.4 UV RADIATION & OZONE UV radiation is absorbed by special glass in the windows Ozone layer is poisinous and toxic 2.1.5 G-FORCE Change in direction of the flight cause change in direction of the acceleration of gravity exerted on our body G-LOC

9. 2.2 PSYCHOLOGICAL & PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS 2.2.1 FATIGUE O decreases attention, perception and resistance to hypoxia or decompression sickness 2.2.2 STRESS O Functional status of a living organism, where the organism is exposed to extreme conditions (stressors), and its subsequent defense reactions which aim at maintaining homeostasis and to prevent damage or death of the organism 2.2.3 HIJACK O Illegal violation of the planned flight

10. 3. HUMAN ERRORS 3.1 INEXPERIENCE & RISK-TAKING O Inadequate control of avionics & devices, O Diversion pilot and subsequent erroneous piloting, O Poorly executed tasks during flight phases, O Overconfidence in modern systems, O Lack of preparation before the flight, O Insufficient attention when communicating with ATC or another aircraft 3.2 WRONG DECISION 3.3 INATTENTION

11. 3.4 CAPTAIN AUTHORITY O Captain should be enough experienced and dismantle authority barrier and listen to the point of view of co-pilot 3.5 MCC & CRM TRAINING O In emergency situation each pilot performs his tasks separately 3.6 COMMUNICATION O Disobeying, misunderstanding, possibly interchanging commands

12. RESOURCES: O JAR-FCL 3 O L1, L17 O BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY O FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING O INSTITUTE OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING O HUMAN FACTOR IN THE AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS

13. QUESTIONS? THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION