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European Renaissance & Reformation

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Presentation on theme: "European Renaissance & Reformation"— Presentation transcript:

1 European Renaissance & Reformation

2 Concept Questions What events contributed to the end of the Middle Ages? How did Europe change during the Renaissance? how did Europe change during the Reformation? How did the printing press impact Europe? how does Christianity develop and change during the Renaissance?

3 The State of Italy - Renaissance

4 Middle Ages Crusades Black Death

5 Italy – Birthplace of the Renaissance
*Renaissance: “rebirth of art & learning” *Italy: Thriving cities Wealthy merchant class Classical heritage of Greece & Rome *Patrons: the Medici family – Florence

6 Gutenberg printing press
Greatest aid to spread of new ideas: Revolutionized writing; mass printing *Gutenberg Bible 1455 –cheap Spread Reformation ideas quickly

7 Renaissance Art: New techniques: Can you remember the 4 greatest
Donatello – realistic sculpture Perspective (see p. 419) Often imitated the classical cultures of Greece and Rome Can you remember the 4 greatest Renaissance Painters? Leonardo Raphael Donatello Michelangelo

8 Da Vinci’s: The Last Supper

9 Da Vinci

10 Raphael: Text p. 419: Classical painting & Renaissance 1400s
Perspective

11 Sistine chapel Why did the Church/Pope need more money? To finance the
Building of the Sistine Chapel & Papal chambers

12 Michelangelo

13 Sistine Chapel: Sale of Indulgences to finance

14 Michaelangelo Painter Sculptor Architect

15 The Pieta: Mary & Christ in marble

16 Durer: Emphasized realism

17 Patrons: wealthy merchants Financed most artists Medici family

18 Renaissance Writers: Humanism
Based on classical ideas - Greeks & Romans Wrote in vernacular Study secular and sacred matters Studied humanities: history, literature, philosophy “The Renaissance Man” – master of every area of study: The Courtier (1528) by Castiglione “how to” be a Renaissance Man Erasmus – satirical look at the church’s problems Sir Thomas More – Utopia Petrarch – sonnets to Laura in Italian Boccaccio – the Decameron stories about the plague w/sarcastic humor

19 William Shakespeare Born in 1564
Regarded by many as the best playwright of all time Drew inspiration from classical events Some works include: Hamlet, Macbeth, Julius Caesar, and Romeo and Juliet Renaissance England = “Elizabethan Age”

20 Machiavelli The Prince -“how to” manual for political Leaders
Any means necessary

21 Religious Reformation
auses of the Reformation: Problems in the Catholic Church Charges of corruption: simony, nepotism, worldliness Early Reform attempts: John Wycliffe, England Jan Hus, Bohemia (burned) Savonarola, Florence (burned)

22 Martin Luther: from Catholicism to Protestantism

23 Martin Luther: wants CHANGE
Wittenberg, Germany – 1517: Writes 95 Theses Against the selling of Indulgences for profit Advocating using the vernacular in Bible printings Starts the Protestant Reformation when church refuses to change Edict of Worms Persecuted by the church No one allowed to give him food/help of any kind “Here I stand. I can do no other.

24 New Churches Form Reformed Catholic Church
Lutheranism- Germany *clerics could marry *no church needed Anabaptists –no baptism of children Anglicans: Church of England, Pilgrims, Puritans (Henry’s divorce) Presbyterians- Scots Protestants Huguenots- French Protestants Reformed Catholic Church

25

26 Churches answer to Protestantism:
Jesuit missionaries to “counter” the Reformation - Inquisition Witch hunts – for heretics: those not practicing Catholicism Peasant revolts in Germany Peace of Augsburg: 1555 – Germany free to choose its religion Issued after a German prince showed disloyalty to the Pope

27 England becomes Protestant:
Henry VIII – marriage to Catherine of Aragon produces a daughter (Mary), Henry needs a son 1527 Pope refused the divorce 1529 Act of Supremacy: makes king head of Anglican Church of England Henry grants himself a divorce, & marries Anne Boleyn (Queen Elizabeth I’s mother) Marries Jane Seymour = son Edward Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr Marries 6 women total (youtube)

28 Rule of Succession Mary - Bloody Mary” – Catholic Edward – king at 9
had Protestants killed Edward – king at 9 rules only 6 years Elizabeth I – allowed both Catholic & Anglican religions, great leader defeated Spanish armada 1558 Most powerful navy at the time Establishes England as a naval force “The Sun never sets on the British Empire”

29 The Reformation continues:
Calvinism – John Knox Predestination Spreads to Scotland- Presbyterians

30 Catholic Reformation Counter Reformation-church reforms itself:
Council of Trent, 1545 Ended the sale of indulgences Banned Protestant books Church's interpretation of the Bible is final Established the Inquisition to punish heretics

31

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