1. Developmental Psychology
Rowland High School

2. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Opening Activity: Identify five past events that have had an impact on your development. In addition, hypothesize five future events that you believe will significantly affect your development.

3. Developmental Psychology
Developmental Psychology - branch of psychology that studies how human beings change over time as the result of biological and environmental influences.
Major Themes:
Nature versus nurture (interaction)
Continuity versus discontinuity
Stability versus change

4. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Studying nature versus nurture
Twin studies
Identical and fraternal
Adoption studies

5. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Prenatal Development
Three Stages
Zygote (10 days)
Embryo (2-8 weeks)
Differentiation
Fetus (9 weeks)

6. (a)
(b)
Life is sexually transmitted: (a) Sperm cells surround an ovum. (b) As one sperm penetrates the egg’s jellylike outer coating, a series of chemical events begins that will cause sperm and egg to fuse into a single cell. If all goes well, that cell will subdivide again and again to emerge 9 months later as a 100-trillion-cell human being..

7. (a)
(b)
(c)
Prenatal development: (a) The embryo grows and develops rapidly. At 40 days, the spine is visible and the arms and legs are beginning to grow. (b) By the end of the second month, when the fetal period begins, facial features, hands, and feet have formed. (c) As the fetus enters the fourth month, its 3 ounces could fit in the palm of your hand.

8. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Fetal Development

9. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Prenatal Development
Three Stages
Zygote (10 days)
Embryo (2-8 weeks)
Differentiation
Fetus (9 weeks)
Teratogens - prenatal toxins (mind module video)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

10. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
The Neonatal Period
Birth to one month
Abilities:
Sight
Preferences
Reflexes
(video clips)

12. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Infancy and Childhood
Brain development
Neural pruning
Synchronicity (video clip)

13. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Attachment
Imprinting
Konrad Lorenz

14. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Attachment Styles
Mary Ainsworth
Types of attachment:
Secure
Avoidant
Anxious/ambivalent
“the strange situation” (video clip)

15. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
I am somewhat uncomfortable being close to others; I find it difficult to trust them completely, difficult to allow myself to depend on them. I am nervous when anyone gets too close, and love partners often want me to be more intimate than I feel comfortable being.
I find that others are reluctant to get as close as I would like. I often worry that my partner doesn’t really love me or won’t want to stay with me. I want to get very close to my partner, and this sometimes scares people away.
I find it relatively easy to get close to others and am comfortable depending on them. I don’t often worry about being abandoned or about someone getting too close to me.
1. Avoidant - insecure 2. Anxious – ambivalent 3. Secure

16. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Contact Comfort
“cupboard theory” and Sigmund Freud
Harry and Margaret Harlow (video clip)

17. Social deprivation and fear: Monkeys raised with artificial mothers were terror-stricken when placed in strange situations without their surrogate mothers. (Today’s climate of greater respect for animal welfare prevents such primate studies.

18. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Maturation – the process by which the genetic program manifest itself over time.

19. Infants can discriminate between possible and impossible objects : After habituating to the stimulus on the left, 4-month-olds stared longer if shown the impossible version of the cube—where one of the back vertical bars crosses over a front horizontal bar.
Habituation is the decreasing responsiveness with repeated presentation of the same.

20. Schema
Baby math: Shown a numerically impossible outcome, 5-month-old infants stare longer.

21. Checking for Understanding
List three things you learned about child development. Be prepared to share with the class.

22. Imagine two identical jars, with one jar containing exactly 200 red jelly beans and the other exactly 200 black jelly beans. Tell them that you are going to fill a scoop with 15 red jelly beans and pour them into the jar containing the black jelly beans. Then, you are going to shake that jar, mixing the beans. You will then scoop 15 beans (any 15) from the jar containing the black jelly beans and pour them into the jar containing the red jelly beans.
Will the number of red jelly beans in the jar that initially contained only black jelly beans be the same as the number of black jelly beans in the jar that originally contained only red jelly beans?

23. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Cognitive Development: Piaget’s Theory
Background
Discontinuous
Three key ideas:
Schemas

24. An impossible object : Look carefully at the “devil’s tuning fork
An impossible object : Look carefully at the “devil’s tuning fork.” Now look away—no, better first study it some more—and then look away and draw it Not so easy, is it? This is an impossible object; you have no schema for such an image.

25. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Cognitive Development: Piaget’s Theory
Background
Discontinuous
Three key ideas:
Schemas (activity)
Assimilation & accommodation

27. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Cognitive Development: Piaget’s Theory
Background
Discontinuous
Three key ideas:
Schemas
Assimilation & accommodation
Stages of cognitive development

28. The first illustration shows a bottle with some water in it
The first illustration shows a bottle with some water in it. In second illustration, the bottle has been tilted. Draw a line to show how the
water line would look.

29. Assimilation
Preoperational
Conservation
Piaget
Artificialism
Sensorimotor
Transduction
Hypothetical
Accommodation
Classification
Reversibility
Formal
Schema
Deductive
Egocentric
Animism
Concrete

30. Piaget’s stages of cognitive development
Sensorimotor
(birth to 18 months)
Preoperational
(two to six)
Concrete
(seven to twelve)
Formal
egocentric
theory of mind
abstract thinking
grasping, sucking and looking
animistic thinking
conservation
deductive logic
object permanence
reversibility
artificialism
lack of abstract thinking
centration
separation anxiety
irreversability
means ends causality
inductive logic
transductive logic
Reflection: What is one thing you like about Piaget’s theory and one thing you dislike? Explain your answer. Give reasons.

31. Object permanence  Infants younger than 6 months seldom understand that things continue to exist when they are out of sight. But for this infant, out of sight is definitely not out of mind.

32. Piaget’s test of conservation : This preoperational child does not yet understand the principle of conservation of substance. When the milk is poured into a tall, narrow glass, it suddenly seems like “more” than when it was in the shorter, wider glass. In another year or so, she will understand that the volume stays the same.

33. Testing children’s theory of mind : This simple problem illustrates how researchers explore children’s presumptions about others’ mental states.

34. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Lev Vygotsky
Nurture (environment)
Internalization
Zone of proximal development

35. DEVELOPMENTAL Psychology
Critical Thinking:
Was Piaget’s theory emphasizing nature or nurture? Why?

36. Erikson’s Theory Erikson’s Psycho-Social Theory Sense of Connectedness
Sense of Independence
Identity Crisis – a period of inner conflict during which adolescents worry intensely about who they are
Ordered Share: Did you go through a identity crisis in high school? Explain.

37. Social Development Trust versus Mistrust:
Crisis: Is the world a safe place?
Ages: Birth to one year
Autonomy versus Shame & Doubt:
Crisis: Can I be independent?
Ages : 1-2

38. Social Development Initiative versus Guilt:
Crisis: Will I be made to feel guilty for trying new things?
Ages: 3-5
Industry versus Inferiority:
Crisis: Am I competent in school and with my peers?
Ages: 6 to puberty
Identity versus Role Confusion:
Crisis: Do I know who I am and what I am going to do?
Ages: Adolescence

39. Social Development Intimacy versus Isolation:
Crisis: Can I commit to another person?
Ages: Early Adulthood
Generativity versus Stagnation:
Crisis: Am I a productive member of society?
Ages: Middle adulthood
Integrity versus Despair:
Crisis: Am I Ready to die?
Ages: Elderly

40. Industry versus Inferiority
Erikson’s Theory
Identify the stage of development using Erikson’s Theory:
It’s Little League season and 3rd grader, Nathan, can’t wait! Last spring he was on Jr. Little League and he got at least two hits in every game he played. He also caught three fly balls, and won the game for the team! Nathan’s coaches, friends, and parents are looking forward to Nathan playing on the team this year.
Industry versus Inferiority

41. Integrity versus Despair
Erikson’s Theory
Rosemary loves when her grandchildren visit. She proudly tells them of the great times she had with raising her family and making a nice home for everyone she loves. Sometimes, she wishes she went to college and worked outside the home as her husband did, but Rosemary says, “If I did that, I probably wouldn’t have had the time to enjoy such a beautiful family!”
Integrity versus Despair

42. Erikson’s Theory
Daniel doesn’t want to wear the pajamas his mother chose for him. Instead, he STRONGLY prefers last night’s pajamas! Daniel’s mom agrees and dresses him in his selection. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt

43. Erikson’s Theory
Samuel is tired of meeting women at bars, parties and dating lots of different people. Sure, it’s fun sometimes, but now he’d rather have one special person to settle down with and share his life. Intimacy versus Isolation

44. Erikson’s Theory
Baby Christopher’s mom feeds him every three or four hours, burps him, walks with him when he is fussy, and makes sure he is dressed warmly every time he goes outside with her. Trust versus Mistrust

45. Identity versus Role Confusion
Erikson’s Theory
Annie’s parents are doctors. Her grandparents are doctors. In fact, Annie’s parents have told her that after high school they are looking forward to her entering the same college and medical school they attended. Annie waits for just the right time to announce her plans to travel to Europe after high school to pursue her interest in drawing and painting, and to learn Italian.
Identity versus Role Confusion

46. Erikson’s Theory
Martin has been a very successful businessman for nearly 25 years. His three children are reaching adulthood. Martin decides to start a small business that provides financial advising to young people who are just staring their careers. Generativity versus Stagnation

47. Erikson’s Theory
Timmy’s mom pours him a bowl of Cheerios and milk. She directs him to go sit at the kitchen table. Timmy reaches for the bowl of Cheerios, announcing, “I carry it!” On the way to the table, lots of milk, and cereal spill on the floor. Mom quietly cleans up the mess and thanks Timmy for his “help.” Initiative versus Guilt

48. Social Development
Reflection Erikson’s Theory: Which stage of the stages do you believe you are in? Why?

49. Adolescent Development
Historical background
1800’s
Initiation rites (rite of passage)
Duration – puberty to financial independence
Group discussion: What types of initiation rites do American teenagers experience?

50. Adolescent Development
Adolescent Physical Development
Puberty
Primary sex characteristics
Secondary sex characteristics
Menarche
Spermarche

51. Brainstorm feminine and masculine characteristics.
Male
Female
Emotional
Independence
Affectionate
Self-reliance
Gender
Understanding
Ambition
Gentle
Assertiveness
Tradition Masculine Traits: ambition, self-confidence, independence, and assertiveness.
Traditional Feminine Traits: affectionate, gentle, understanding, and sensitive to other needs
Sensitive
Aggressive
Brainstorm feminine and masculine characteristics.

52. Gender Roles and Sex Differences
Sex (biological)
Gender identity
Gender roles
Gender stereotypes
Androgynous

53. Gender Roles and Sex Differences
Gender Perspectives
Biological perspective (xx, xy)
Evolutionary
Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Cognitive
Gender schema

54. Gender Roles and Sex Differences
Sex differences in cognition
Stereotype threat

68. Gender Roles and Sex Differences
Gender Perspectives
Biological perspective
Evolutionary
Psychodynamic
Behavioral
Cognitive
Gender schema

69. Social Development
Parenting Styles
Diana Baumrind

70. Parenting Styles Unfriendly, distrustful, and withdrawn Authoritarian
Autocratic
More likely to be aggressive
Less likely to feel guilty or accept blame

71. Tend to do better in school
Parenting Styles
Tend to be friendly, cooperative, self reliant, and socially responsible
Democratic or
Authoritative
Tend to do better in school
Tend to be more popular

72. Parenting Styles Relatively immature, dependent, and unhappy
Permissive
Often have tantrums
Ask for help when the encounter slight difficulties

73. Parenting Styles
Immature & dependent
Uninvolved
Impulsive

74. Parenting Styles Reflection Questions:
Which style do your parents fit? Give an example to support your answer.
Does each of your parents have a different parenting style? Explain. Give example to support your answer.

75. Parenting Notebook Assignment
Directions: Create three separate cartoons illustrating the three type of parenting styles we have covered in class.
Authoritarian
Democratic
Permissive

76. Moral Development Moral/ethical theory Lawrence Kohlberg Stage theory
Story-telling technique
Heinz dilemma
Reflection: Did Heinz’s do the right or wrong thing? Justify your answer.

77. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Stage I: Pre-conventional
“Will I be punished”
“Will I get caught”
Stage II: Pre-conventional
“Will I get a reward or praise”
“You scratch my back if I scratch yours”
Stage III: Conventional
“Will my parents, family, or friends get mad at me”

78. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Stage IV: Conventional
“Is it right according to the law”
“Is it right according to my religion”
Stage V: Post-Conventional
“There are exceptions to the rules”
Utilitarian Principles
“Greatest good for the greatest number”
Stage VI: Post-Conventional
Universal ethical principle
“Does it violate a universal principle I believe in”
“The golden rule”

79. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Judy has five test in one day. She is a good student but did not have time to study for her French test. She knows the person who sits next to her in French class is also a good student. This girl has copied from Judy on occasion. Judy decides to look at the other girl’s test for the questions she doesn’t know. Besides, Judy, said “I never should have five test in one day anyway.”
Stage II

80. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Scott thought about leaving school early and going to a baseball game. He stayed in school because he was afraid of getting caught.
Stage I

81. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Juanita’s friends were at the mall, and someone suggested they do a little shoplifting just to see if they could get away with it. Juanita wouldn’t participate and said stealing is wrong.
Stage IV

82. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Muhammed lives with his mother in a poor section of the city. His mother is quite ill and needs outpatient services daily at a hospital some miles away from their home. Muhammed steals a car to take his mother to the hospital.
Stage III ,V or VI

83. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Martina, a young woman living in a war-torn region of the world, distributes food to orphans living in the streets. This activity is actually against the law. She frequently has to deceive the authorities in order to keep these children alive.
Stage V or VI

84. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Grant wants to spend time after school volunteering at the hospital. However, he is a good basketball player, and practice interferes with his volunteer program. The coach and other teammates pressure him to play. Grant decides to play with the team.
Stage III

85. Moral Development Reflection Kohlberg’s Theory
Which stage of the moral development do you believe you are in? Why?
What is one problem of criticism you have with Kohlberg’s moral theory?

86. Moral Development Criticism of Kohlberg’s Theory Inconsistent
Carol Gilligan
Ethics of care

87. Death and Dying Death and Dying Thanatology
Five stages of psychological adjustment (Kubler-Ross)
Reflection:
Do you think that Kubler-Ross stages of dying apply to other types of losses (such as in sports or romantic breakups) Explain.
List on problem or criticism you have of Kubler-Ross’s theory?
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Accept