1. Enduring Understandings
Body Systems
Enduring Understandings
The body is an exquisite, intricate, interconnected mechanism
Knowing how your body works allows you to make appropriate choices and better care for it.

2. Learning Targets

3. Essential Questions
What are the systems of the body? What makes up each system? How do they work?
How does each system affect other systems – how do they interact?
What choices can you make to help support each body system?

4. Structures of the Digestive System
Diseases include:
Ulcers – of any part
Cancer – of any part
Appendicitis
Gallstones
Pancreatitis
Ulcerative Colitis/ Chron’s Disease
Eating Disorders
Structures of the Digestive System
Esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small & large intestine (colon)
Functions:
breaks down food so it can provide the minerals, vitamins, proteins, and other substances that produce energy, build and repair tissues, and keep the body functioning
The liver transforms toxins into harmless substances that can be excreted.

5. Injuries and Diseases can include:
The Skeletal System
Structures
ligaments, joints, bones.
Types of bones
flat, irregular, long, short
Flexible Joints
Hinge
Ball and Socket
Pivot
Gliding (Ellipsoidal)
Functions
shapes and provides support for your body
protects many vital organs
Injuries and Diseases can include:
Osteoporosis
Fractures
Scoliosis
Bursitis
Bunion
Arthritis
Torn Cartilage
Spina Bifida

6. The Muscular System If you did not have this system,
Structures: tendons and muscles
Types of muscles:
smooth, skeletal, and cardiac
Tendons: connect muscles to bones
Voluntary vs. Involuntary Muscles
Voluntary: what you can control
flexion & extension
Involuntary: breathing, digestion
If you did not have this system,
you would not be able
to move or breathe,
because your muscles
perform these functions.
Diseases and Injuries:
Fibromyalgia
Muscular Dystrophy
Hernia
Tendonitis
Strain or Sprain (RICE)

7. Integumentary System Layers of the Skin (the STRUCTURES)
Epidermis: the top or outside layer, including the nails
Dermis: contains main functions of the skin, including:
hair follicles, sweat and oil glands
Hypodermis: mainly fat
MAIN FUNCTIONS – what does it do?
waterproofs your body
keeps bacteria and viruses out
regulates heat
The Largest Organ in the Body
because it includes the
Skin
plus all of the Mucous Membranes
Diseases and Injuries include:
Skin Cancer
Eczema
Acne

8. Bladder, Urethra, Sphincter Muscle.
The Urinary System
Injuries and Diseases include:
Kidney Stones
Cystitis, Urethritis, Nephritis
Bladder Infections
Kidney Failure – acute or chronic
Main Structures
Kidneys, Ureters,
Bladder, Urethra, Sphincter Muscle.
Functions: The urinary system cleanses the body by removing waste and toxic substances produced by the body.
How does it work? The kidneys filter the blood to create urine.
The urine travels through the ureters to the bladder,
where it is held until it is emptied through the urethra.

9. The Respiratory System
Injuries and Diseases include:
Asthma
Bronchitis
Emphysema
Lung Cancer
Lung Punctures
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Main Structures of the Respiratory System
Sinuses, Trachea, Lungs, Bronchi, Alveoli, Diaphragm
Function: Brings oxygen into your body and gets rid of toxins, including carbon dioxide. This system is vital because your muscles, including your heart which supplies oxygen to the body, need oxygen to work.

10. Cardio-Vascular System
Structures:
Heart
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Functions: transports nutrients to entire body and picks up waste.
Injuries/Diseases include:
Stroke
Embolism
Cardio-vascular Disease
Blood Clots
Varicose Veins

11. The Immune System Diseases include: AIDS Arthritis
Lymphoma osteo: cartilage breaks down
Leukemia rheumatoid: inflammation
Allergies Diabetes
Function: Defend your body against foreign materials, mainly bacteria and viruses.
Structures
Bone marrow: Makes white blood cells (leucocytes).
Spleen: Forms lymphocytes and destroys your worn out red blood cells.
Lymph nodes: Filters filled with lymphocytes that destroy bacteria and viruses.
Thymus: Makes T cells, a type of lymphocyte.
Antibodies: Proteins used to attack antigens
Antigens: Substances that stimulate a response from the immune system.
B Cells & T Cells Specialized cells that fight pathogens

12. The Nervous System Injuries and Diseases include:
Epilepsy Cerebral Palsy
Concussions Alzheimer’s Disease
Meningitis Parkinson’s Disease
Spinal Cord Injuries Multiple Sclerosis
Care: ???
Structures: brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Parts of the nerve cell:
Dendrites, Cell Body, Axon, Myelin Sheath, Axon Terminal, Synapse (Neurotransmitters – the chemical messengers)
Functions:
The brain is the center of the nervous system, receiving, sending and interpreting signals.
The spinal cord is like a highway, connecting the brain to nerves in all parts of your body.
Your nerves are the messengers which the brain uses to communicate and send messages.
WHAT WOULD LIFE BE LIKE WITHOUT YOUR NERVOUS SYSTEM???

13. Presentation Schedule
Day 1
1) Skeletal
2) Muscular
3) Integumentary
Day 2
1) Urinary
2) Respiratory
3) Cardio-Vascular (Circulatory)
Day 3
1) Nervous system
2) Immune system

14. Body Systems Test Review
Systems Review
Fill in any missing information for each system in your journal or on note-taking sheet.
Structures – what makes up the system
Functions – what it does
Care – what is the best care for this system?
Problems/ Diseases of system
Interactions with other systems

15. Assignments HW: Body System Interactive
Journal Check #2 – Body Systems Notes
Presentations – Individual & Group grade
Reflections on Goal #1: Intellectual
Set Goal #2: Social area
Body System Test
*T/F: if F, then correct for extra points

16. Decision Making Organ Transplants What is your Body worth?
Decision-Making process – ‘Kidney Machine’
John Q segment – Who makes the decisions about organ transplants? And how?