1. Beyond Third Generation Cellular: Convergence of Internet and Cellular Infrastructure Technologies Randy H. Katz and Reiner Ludwig 1 Computer Science Division, EECS Department University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1776 1 on assignment from Ericsson Radio Systems ERA/T/N Next Generation Internet BSC EIR AUC HLR VLR Corporate Intranetwork GW BS HA FA HA FA Proxy Server GSM Core (IP-Based) MSC

2. The Two Hottest Trends in Telecommunications Networks Source: Ericsson Radio Systems, Inc. Mobile Telephone Users Internet Users Millions Year

3. Background 1 st generation: analog cellular 2 nd generation: digital cellular 3 rd generation: multiple, heterogeneous access technologies (WLAN, cellular, satellite) –GSM cellular evolution: data support, higher bandwidth »HSCSD, GPRS, W-CDMA (Ericsson and Nokia) –Core cellular network: evolving towards a combined circuit and packet switching infrastructure 4 th generation: –Eliminate circuit switching through “next generation Internet” integration: voice (and video) over data –New services: voice-data integration w/ multipoint capabilities, intelligent location-aware & “follow me” mobility, push-based information dissemination,...

4. “Mobile Broadband Systems” Wireless Local Area Networks 3rd Generation Access Technologies Mbps 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Wired Cellular Cordless “Universal Mobile Telecomms Systems” (UMTS) 60 GHz 100 m range Office or Room Building Indoors StationaryWalking Outdoors Vehicle

5. Trends Multimedia over IP networks –Next Generation Internet with features for “soft” QoS –RSVP, Class-based Queuing, Link Scheduling Voice over IP networks –Packet Voice and Video –RTP and ALF Intelligence shifts to the network edges –Better, more agile software-based voice and video codecs Programmable intelligence inside the network –Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure –TACC model & Java code: “write once, run anywhere” Implications for cellular network infrastructure of the 21st century?

6. Issues Scalability –Must scale to support hundreds of thousands of simultaneous users in a region the size of the SF Bay Area Functionality –Computer-phone integration –Real-time, multipoint/multicast, location-aware services, security –Home networking, “active” spaces, sensors/actuators First Principles-based Design –Leverage evolving IP traffic models –Provisioning the network for the extrapolated traffic and services –ProActive Infrastructure »Computing resources spread among switching infrastructure »Computationally intensive services: e.g., voice-to-text »Service and server discovery

7. Project Vision How far can we go with a packet- switched cellular core network? How do you provision an IP network for large numbers of voice users? What new kinds of data-oriented services can be deployed?

8. ProActive Infrastructure Computing resources inside the routing topology, not just at the leaves Paths chosen for location of operators as much as for shortest # of hops Mobile code that specializes the services provided by servers Focus on mobility, management of bottleneck links, “integration” services Source Sink Server Router Compute Node

9. Project Areas Mobility Management Packet Scheduling in GPRS and W-CDMA Proxy- and Multicast-Enabled Services

10. Mobility Management Mobile IP-GSM Mobility Interworking –Mobile IP-GSM authentication interworking –Scalability of Mobile IP/hierarchical agents Multicast support for mobility –Alternative approach for mobility based on M/C addresses –Exploit multicast routing to reach mobile nodes without explicit handoff –Combine with real-time delivery of voice and video Generalized redirection agents –Policy-based redirection: e.g., 1-800 service, email to pagers, etc. –Redirection agents collocated with multicast tree branching points

11. Packet Scheduling Validated ns modeling suite for GSM media access, link layer, routing, and transport layers –GSM channel error models QoS-aware High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), General Packet Radio System (GPRS), and Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) link scheduling –RSVP signaling integration with bottleneck link scheduling –Fairness and utilization for TCP and RTP flows –Delay bound scheduling for R/T streams –Exploiting asymmetries in downstream/upstream slot assignment, CDMA self-interference

12. New Services Proxies for Telephony-Computing Integration –GSM-vat-RTP interworking: handset-computer integration –Encapsulating complex data transformations »Speech-to-text, text-to-speech –Composition of services »Voice mail-to-email, email-to-voice mail –Location-aware information services »E.g., traffic reports –Multicast-enabled information services »Multilayered multicast: increasing level of detail as number of subscribed layers increase

13. Project Strategy Analyze Existing Systems Design Next Generation Implement New System ns Simulations -- Ericsson channel error models -- GSM-based infrastructure -- GSM media access & link layer GSM Infrastructure Elements -- Data over PBMS GSM Network -- GSM Base Station -- Integration with IP-infrastructure Prototype Elements -- Handset/computer integration -- Java-enabled components -- ProActive infrastructure

14. Project Schedule Year 1: 1998 –ns modeling, validation –GSM BTS-IP integration –Initial design of mobility interworking and intelligent networking services Year 2: 1999 –GSM-Wireless LAN integration –Design of information-push applications –Implement mobility interworking Year 3: 2000 –Extend testbed with W-CDMA and GPRS –Roaming, scheduling, new applications demonstrations –Fine-tuning and documentation