1. GLOBAL NAVIGATION system(GNS)

2. What is navigation system? The guidance of ships or airplanes from place to place Navigation is the process of reading, and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. It is also the term of art used for the specialized knowledge used by navigators to perform navigation tasks.

3. Applications  Military(GPS)  Search and rescue.  Disaster relief.  Surveying.  Marine, aeronautical and terrestrial navigation.  Remote controlled vehicle and robot guidance.  Satellite positioning and tracking.  Shipping.  Geographic Information Systems (GIS).  Recreation.

5. Military Global Positioning Satellite System (GPSS) GPS is a satellite navigation system developed by the US GPS is a satellite navigation system developed by the US Dept. of Defense (DOD) established in 1973,run with24 sat. The Russian GLONASS,2007 GPS is used by aviators, mariners, surveyors, off-roaders, truck operators, bikers, hikers, hunters & fisherman

8. gps geos geos WAAS

9. Car Navigation On-board navigation Fleet management Roadside assistance Stolen vehicle recovery Enhanced services Mass market dominated

10. Car Navigation system and ETC evolve and integrate, then various services will be realized all in one. These services are realized by the high-speed and large-capacity communication (5.8GHz DSRC) between the “ITS Spot” installed on the roadside and the in-vehicle car navigation system corresponding to the ITS spot services Various services such as providing wide-area traffic information or image are realized by the high-speed and large-capacity communication Car navigation system corresponding to ITS spot services have been released on October 2009 ITS spots are deployed nationwide (around 1,600 units are installed mainly on expressways) ITS Spot (roadside unit) Car navigation system corresponding to the ITS Spot High-speed and large-capacity communication (DSRC) Expansion of Next-Generation ITS 10

12. Main Functions of Map Summarizer Terminal Capability Summarization ASR ( Active Semantic Retrieval ) ORDBMSORDBMS Spatial Media ShapeDeformation Spatial Indexing Media Conversion Feature Selection Telematics ASP Center Wireless ＬＡＮ HotSpot Driving assist to the targetSeamless transfer to Walking Orthogonize Road Angles ： NodeID Relative angular among vectors Optimization formula Shape Deformation Techniques Spring Model of Road Shape original result dmax Simplify Road Shape If longest Distance; dmax ≧ e, then leave corresponding points original result Change Summarizing Levels based on Terminal Capabilities Kokubunji City Start Goal Tokyo Int. Forum Cell Phone Walker Guide PDAs Walker Guide Original Car Navigational Maps CDMA2000 1x EV-DO CellPhoneBaseStation Summarize for Cell Phone Summarize for PDA Mobile Router

13. Portable receivers for fishermen, hunters, hikers, cyclists, etc. Recreational facilities -- golf courses, ski resorts Integration of GPS into cellular phones Consumer/Recreational

14. Surveying/Mapping/GIS Sub-centimeter accuracy 100%-300% savings in time, cost, & labor Rural electrification Telecom tower placement Pipelines Oil, gas, and mineral exploration Flood plain mapping

15. Tracking/Machine Control Package/cargo delivery Fleet and asset management Theft recovery Public safety and services Farming, mining, and construction equipment DGPS/RTK required for many applications

16. Public Services City planning Transportation infrastructure – Road Billing Network (ROBIN) – Snowplows Emergency response – Law enforcement – Fire fighting – Search and rescue – Paramedics – Disaster relief

17. Maritime Navigation GPS-based vessel tracking and traffic management maximizes effectiveness of waterways Improved safety increases maritime commerce Maritime DGPS service for enhanced accuracy and safety available in 34 countries

18. Timing GPS offers an inexpensive alternative to costly, high maintenance timing equipment Telecommunications network synchronization & management – Phones, pagers, wireless systems – LANs, WANs, Internet Financial transactions Electrical power grid management & fault location Digital signatures for e-commerce

19. Scientific Research Monitoring geological change – Glaciers, tectonic plates, earthquakes, volcanoes Wildlife behavior Atmospheric modeling – Water vapor content Oceanic studies – Tidal patterns – Surface mapping

20. Construction Machinery, asset, and personnel management Rapid surveys for laying foundation piles, etc. Accident prevention Remote control of machinery possible GPS/RTK technology was used in the construction of the Øresund Bridge between Denmark and Sweden

21. Precision Agriculture Maximize use of resources – Optimized plowing of crop rows – Tailored applications of seeds, fertilizer, water, pesticides – Improved management of land, machinery, personnel, time – Greater crop yields Minimize environmental impacts – Localized identification and treatment of distressed crops reduces chemical use – Precise leveling of fields prevents fluid runoff

22. Open Pit Mining Enhanced management of assets, equipment Progress tracked in real-time, remotely Improved machine control saves time, lowers maintenance and fuel consumption, prevents accidents Rapid surveying for drilling blast holes Smaller, more empowered workforce

23. Space Applications Improved orbit and attitude control for spacecraft, International Space Station Space Station return vehicle Advance Land Observing Satellite uses GPS to calibrate high resolution radar maps Satellite formation flying

24. Hand-helds Ten Keys Seven Keys Trend is toward fewer keys.

26. In telecommunications, direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a modulation technique. As with other spread spectrum technologies, the transmitted signal takes up more bandwidth than the information signal that is being modulated. The name 'spread spectrum' comes from the fact that the carrier signals occur over the full bandwidth (spectrum) of a device's transmitting frequencytelecommunicationsmodulationspread spectrumbandwidth Direct-sequence spread spectrum

27. GPS Transmitted Signal Two signals are transmitted on carriers: L1 = 1575.42 MHz L2 = 1227.60 MHz These are derived from the system clock of 10.23 MHz (phase quadrature) Modulation used is Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (code division multiple access - CDMA)