1. Chilean Independence ¡Chile today, hot tamale! Ciera Ferrone, Silas Hill, Anna Aspenson, Sarah Risley

2. Pre – Independence -By 1550 the Spaniards had established several settlements: Santiago, Concepcion, and Valdivia -The Araucanians were the only native group to remain “uncontrolled” by the Spanish. - In 1553 the Araucanian people successfully rebelled in warfare that lasted over 100 years.

3. More Pre – Independence The Chilean people were divided into 3 main classes: » The rich land owners » Peasants and servants » Indigenous peoples who lived as a separate nation » The classes remained mostly the same even after independence

4. Rich landonwners Peasants and Domestic Servants Indigenous People (as a separate nation) Rich landonwners Peasants and Domestic Servants Indigenous People (as a separate nation) CHILEAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE

5. Even more pre – independence! Chile developed slowly because: – It had no silver or gold deposits – Neither Natives nor Colonists were willing to work – Chile was far from main economic/colonization centers mainly Peru. – The townspeople did not import or export but traded with other colonies for necessities.

6. ¡WAR of INDEPENDENCE! Chacabuco in 1817 and Maipú in 1818 Chacabuco: San Martin and Bernardo O’Higgins joined forces to liberate Peru and Chile – O’Higgins and Martin defeated the Spaniards Maipú: the final battle won by San Martin that gave Chile indepence

7. ¡More War! The majority of the soldiers were mestizos and indigenous The war was fought mostly with guerilla warfare

8. Liberals? Conservatives? Federalists Promoted public welfare Development of natural resources Resentful of “conservatives” Spoke for land owners, merchants, and artisans from the northern and southern provinces Led by O’Higgins Land owners of Central Valley Authoritarian government Church and state unity For permanent independence Most Creoles were Conservative Led by Carrera

9. Post – War Chile O’Higgins was named Director General of Chile and ruled as a dictator Chilean people were divided between Carrera and O’Higgins. Carrera supported authoritarian, conservative government, mainly supported by the elite

10. Post – War Chile O’Higgins supported liberal movements and wanted to weaken the Chilean elite O’Higgins ordered Carrera’s execution and his popularity rapidly declined In 1823, because of hostility towards his regime, he was forced to abdicate office and was exiled

11. Mas Post War en Chile A constitution was established in 1822 Slavery was abolished in 1823 In 1833, conservatives adopted a constitution to solidify the oligarchy’s power The president had: – Veto power – Appointment of all officials – Declare war – Control of all elections

12. Even More! Economy – Trade with Spain declined – Trade across the Andes declined – Trade (Grain) with Peru was lost – Overall exports and imports increased (Copper and Silver) – Import tariffs were the major source of income for the Chilean state – Taxes were minimal because most of the population was poor

13. ¡Mas Mas Mas! Chile depended mainly on imports, mostly from Great Britain Main economic capital: – Trade – Mining – Agriculture – Banking – Industry

14. Chile today…. Hot tomale One of America’s most stable and prosperous nations Bicameral congress Independent judiciary system