1. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science 1.Combustion engines main principles and definitions 2.Reciprocating combustion engines architecture 3.Reciprocating engines dynamic properties 4.Engine components and systems 5.The engine management system for gasoline and Diesel engines 6.The emission Requirements & Technology 7.Engine vehicle integration 7.1 Engine layout and mounting 7.2 Engine-vehicle cooling system 7.3 Intake system 7.4 Exhaust system

2. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science Exhaust manifold and turbo group Performance Catalysts and Particulate Filter Emission HOT END COLD END Mufflers (silencers) Volume & technology Comfort

3. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science Design guidelines for gasoline engines Exhaust manifold designed to optimize engine torque and/or power: for example, duct diameter and length, and for 4 L, the distance of the firs junction (1-3, 2-4) and also of the second from the cylinder head. Adequate catalyst volume (space velocity): roughly equivalent to the engine capacity. Optimization of the catalyst canning inlet flow to address the entire catalyst surface. Reduced thermal inertia of the exhaust system upstream the catalyst for a faster catalyst warm-up

4. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science Example of catalyst positioned very close to the engine (close coupled) inside the engine compartment Short and simple exhaust manifold (4-1)

5. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science Catalyst positioned very close to the engine (close coupled) inside the engine compartment

6. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science Twin main catalyst positioned inside the engine compartment of a high performance 4 L engine

7. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science Twin main catalyst positioned inside the engine compartment of a high performance 4 L engine (bottom view)

8. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science Two pre-catalysts inside the engine compartment and under-floor main (4L engine) Complete exhaust system

9. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science L6 engine longitudinal installed – Twin exhaust system (one for each cylinder head): two close-coupled pre-catalysts and two under floor main catalysts

10. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science L6 engine longitudinal installed – Twin exhaust system (one for each cylinder head): two close-coupled pre-catalysts and two under floor main catalysts (bottom view)

11. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science V6 engine transversal installed – Twin exhaust system (stereo system): two close-coupled pre-catalysts and two under floor main catalysts

12. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science Design guidelines for Diesel engines Manifold design to optimize the inlet flow to the turbo and to reduce the local thermal stress. Adequate catalyst and particulate filter volumes: 0.8-1.0 engine capacity Catalyst and particulate filter positioned as close as possible downstream the turbo outlet.

13. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science Catalyst positioned immediately downstream the turbo of a direct injection Diesel engine

14. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science Catalyst positioned downstream the turbo of a direct injection Diesel engine

15. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science

16. Engine Vehicle Integration – Exhaust system Scuola di Dottorato di Ricerca 2010 - Road vehicle and engine engineering science Catalyst positioned downstream the turbo of a direct injection Diesel small capacity engine