4.  A cylinders displacement is the volume of the cylinder when the piston is at BDC.  It is the sum of the displacement of each cylinder.  It is defined as the volume of air/fuel mixture an engine can draw in.

5. Ex: 700 cc (cubic centimetres) 1000 cc = 1 Litre

6. Example : Vehicle has 4 cylinders : Each cylinder has a volume of 700cc : 700cc X 4 = 2800cc : 2800cc = 2.8 Litre

7.  Torque is the term used to describe a rotating force.  More torque generally means a car can accelerate faster  Torque is the actual reading of how “hard” and with how much “Force” the engine turns.

8.  Horsepower: 1 hp = 33,000 lb-ft / min  One horsepower is the ability to lift 33000 pounds one foot in one minute  The horsepower specification for an engine tells you how much power the engine can produce.  Horsepower is the rate at which the engine does work

9. Formula:  HORSEPOWER = (TORQUE * RPM) / 5252  A engine that makes 300 pound-feet of torque at 4,000 RPM produces  [(300 x 4,000) / 5,252] 228 horsepower at 4,000 RPM

10.  Think about:  Torque being how hard you can pound away on bicycle pedals  Horsepower being how fast you can spin the bicycle pedals.

11. Spark plug Inlet valve Exhaust valve CylinderPiston The four-stroke engine

12.  Is a can-shaped part closely fitted inside the cylinder.  Piston rings consist of compression rings and oil rings.  Crankshaft takes the up-down motion of the piston and convertors it to a rotation motion  Connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft.

13.  The 4 Stroke engine cycle consist of these: 1) Intake 180degree 2) Compression 180 degree 3) Power/ Combustion 180 degree 4) Exhaust 180 degree  Total engine revolution 720 degree  One complete engine cycle consists of 4 engine strokes.

14.  The Intake Stroke consist of the piston travelling down.  Intake valves are open to allow Air/Fuel mixture to come into the combustion chamber.

15.  Intake plastic ducts  Intake manifolds

17. - Fuel injectors are electronically controlled valves that spray fuel to mix with air. - Creating that air fuel mixture -

18.  It is an electrical device that fits into the cylinder head and ignites air fuel mixtures.

19. Inlet valve open INTAKE STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve closed

20. Inlet valve open Piston down INTAKE STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve closed

21. Inlet valve open Piston down INTAKE STROKE The four-stroke engine Fuel in Exhaust valve closed

22. Inlet valve open Piston down INTAKE STROKE The four-stroke engine Fuel in Exhaust valve closed

23.  Compression stroke consist of the piston travelling back up.  Both intake and exhaust valves are closed  Air fuel mixture is now being compressed

24. Inlet valve closed COMPRESSION STROKE The four-stroke engine Piston up Exhaust valve closed

25. Inlet valve closed COMPRESSION STROKE The four-stroke engine Piston up Exhaust valve closed

26. Inlet valve closed COMPRESSION STROKE The four-stroke engine Piston up Exhaust valve closed

27.  The piston is now at the TDC  Spark plug ignites, creating a spark that ignites the compressed air fuel mixture.  Explosion is created and the piston is forced back down.  Hence the Power stroke  Both valves are still closed

28. Inlet valve closed POWER STROKE The four-stroke engine BANG Exhaust valve closed

29. Inlet valve closed POWER STROKE The four-stroke engine Piston down powerfully Exhaust valve closed

30. Inlet valve closed POWER STROKE The four-stroke engine Piston down powerfully Exhaust valve closed

31. Inlet valve closed POWER STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve closed

32.  Exhaust stroke the piston is travelling up  Exhaust valve is open  Intake valve is Closed  Exhaust gases being pushed out by piston

33. Inlet valve closed EXHAUST STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve closed

34. Inlet valve closed EXHAUST STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve open Piston up Exhaust gases out

35. Inlet valve closed EXHAUST STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve open Piston up Exhaust gases out

36. Inlet valve open INTAKE STROKE The four-stroke engine Exhaust valve closed

37. And so the cycle continues!!

38.  The exhaust system is needed to provide a pathway for exhaust fumes to be filtered and to reduce noise.  Exhaust manifold  Catalytic convertor  Muffler