1. In Our Time by Ernest Hemingway

2. Indian Camp Education: Nick’s education begins; he learns about life through the entire cycle of birth and death. Paradox: Husband’s identification with wife’s suffering leads to his death. Nature: It is not beautiful & orderly in this birth. Man vs. Woman: Woman suffers but is strong. Man cannot handle the pressure and commits suicide.

3. Dr. & Dr.’s Wife Education: Nick has to make a choice; he decides to go with his father, choosing that path for his life. Irony: The wife is a Christian Scientist who is married to a physician. Man vs. Woman: Woman is weak, frail. Man is strong. Three Views of Mankind: Dick – Primitive, violent, & amoral Dick – Primitive, violent, & amoral Wife – Romantic, sentimental, & religious Wife – Romantic, sentimental, & religious Doctor – Rational, non-violent, & civilized Doctor – Rational, non-violent, & civilized

4. The End of Something Education: Nick’s education & reality deepen. Metaphor: Just as the lumber industry is dying, Nick’s love is dying, too. Love: Nick is appalled at himself for falling out of love. Man vs. Woman: Man is weak, confused. Woman is confident, independent.

5. The Three-day Blow Education: Nick realizes love is still possible. Ignorance: Nick & Bill show ignorance about peat, baseball, drinking, etc., which sets up naivety about love relationships.

6. The Battler Education: Nick experiences a “topsy-turvy” world. The world is not without love even though love is confusing. Irony: The prizefighter is allowed to hit in the ring but not out of it. Irony: The brakeman acts nice but then hits Nick. The brakeman applies brakes to slow the train but is also a “break” man who hits people, or “breaks” them.

7. The Battler Irony: Bugs was jailed for knifing someone, yet he has sympathy for mankind. Characters: Evil Good Brakeman - (Ad Francis) - Bugs Brakeman - (Ad Francis) - Bugs Title: Do we “battle” all of the time? Grace Under Pressure: Hemingway’s code hero comes out – Bugs battles through life gracefully.

8. A Very Short Story Theme & Education: Nick is disillusioned. The book turns here. Love: No matter how deep & true, love can be betrayed.

9. Soldier’s Home Theme: Disillusionment continues. 1. Krebs was a good soldier, but no one cares. 1. Krebs was a good soldier, but no one cares. 2. Only sensational lies captivate the public’s attention. 2. Only sensational lies captivate the public’s attention. 3. Krebs sees his relationship with the public clearly: 3. Krebs sees his relationship with the public clearly: A- Politics A- Politics B- Intrigue (all are lies, though) B- Intrigue (all are lies, though) C- Sentimentality C- Sentimentality

10. Soldier’s Home Irony: Krebs is not disillusioned with war but is with peace. War is clear – live or die. Peace is confusing, muddled – it’s not black and white; it’s grey.

11. The Revolutionist Positive Story: Even though bad things happened and happen, the man is sensitive & idealistic (Communist) Irony: He is jailed & tortured for his ideas, but he responds with more faith in the beauty & love in the world.

12. The Revolutionist Grace Under Pressure: Hemingway’s code hero is exemplified here – he strives toward his ideal in the face of failure, never giving up. Order: He believes life can be ordered after facing violent disillusions.

13. Mr. & Mrs. Elliot Negative Story: The story is the antithesis to “The Revolutionist.” It contains childish Romanticism. They live their lives aimlessly, finding no meaning in life. Naivety: They are naïve & restless about how life actually is.

14. Mr. & Mrs. Elliot Irony: The couple drift apart instead of bonding when they travel to Europe. 1. Escape – Europe is an escape from reality. 1. Escape – Europe is an escape from reality. 2. He turns to alcohol & poetry (Romance). 2. He turns to alcohol & poetry (Romance). 3. She turns to a lesbian relationship. 3. She turns to a lesbian relationship.

15. Cat In The Rain Irony: The title is ironic. The marriage is the opposite of what is expected. Wife Husband Wife Husband 1. Hair long for her 1. Hair short for her 2. Dining room 2. Hotel rooms 2. Dining room 2. Hotel rooms 3. Feminine/Domestic: 3. Takes wife for granted 3. Feminine/Domestic: 3. Takes wife for granted Wants family to love Cat is family & hotel Wants family to love Cat is family & hotel and be loved by. keeper gives her and be loved by. keeper gives her attention. attention.

16. Out Of Season Theme: Disillusionment continues because the world is “out of season.” Everything goes wrong – Everything goes wrong – 1. Couple quarrels 1. Couple quarrels 2. Season is out for fishing 2. Season is out for fishing 3. Rainy, windy, & cold 3. Rainy, windy, & cold 4. No lead for fishing line 4. No lead for fishing line What is “out of season”? 1. Fishing 2. Relationship

17. Cross-country Snow Order: The men live with order, but the waitress is pregnant and not married. Reality: The men dream of traveling the world but have responsibilities. 1. George – Accepts responsibility & goes to school 1. George – Accepts responsibility & goes to school 2. Nick – Accepts family responsibility 2. Nick – Accepts family responsibility Education: Nick’s education has come full circle. He has grown, matured, and is responsible for other’s lives (wife/child).

18. My Old Man Theme #1: Reality – the world as it actually is. Education: The boy is initiated into an amoral universe ruled by chance. In the end, he’s left with nothing. Reality: The father won, but was supposed to lose. No one would back him after this. Irony: The father is killed when he races honestly.

19. Big Two-hearted River Theme #2: Reality – striving to live with meaning & order in a universe ruled by entropy (randomness & decline). Order: Nick seeks to rebuild order in his life through fishing & being with nature. Every detail must be done correctly to maintain order. He uses his military training to keep his mind ordered.

20. Big Two-hearted River Symbolism: Seney has been burned; it symbolizes the burned world after The Great War. In Our Time: The book is an anthology & a novel. It has the variety of an anthology but has the unity of a novel.

21. The End