1. Chapter 13, section 4

18. The Harlem Renaissance
Section 5
The Harlem Renaissance

19. Marcus Garvey (Jamaican born immigrant) established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
believed in Black pride
advocated racial segregation b/c of Black superiority
Garvey believed Blacks should return to Africa
he purchased a ship to start the Black Star line
attracted many investments: gov't charged him with w/fraud
he was found guilty and eventually deported to Jamaica, but his organization continued to exist

91. Marcus Garvey - leader of the black working class, advocated a return to Africa
Preached separation from white society and encouraged pride in their African heritage.
Jailed for mail fraud in 1925, some of his ideas were revived in the 1960s.

92. The Harlem Renaissance
I. New “Black Consciousness”
Migrants face changes and challenges
Found better pay in the North  leads to better life
Didn’t escape racism or segregation
Af. Amer. migration to North continues
Garvey calls for Black Pride
Urges support for black-run businesses
Wants blacks to separate from whites
Promotes “Back to Africa” campaign
Garvey convicted of fraud  movement fails but ideas remain

93. The Jazz Age The musical innovation of the decade!
Started in New Orleans with African rhythms and songs, followed the Misssissippi to northern cities.
Both black and white music lovers frequented nightclubs to hear Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Billie Holiday and others.

94. In the early 1920s, Louis Armstrong joined King Oliver in Chicago--playing solos with Fletcher Henderson at the Roseland Ballroom in New York and making jazz history with the Hot Five. It was in Chicago that he initiated his "scat" singing -- singing nonsense syllables in place of words and vocally simulating instrumental sound.

95. Louis Armstrong

96. Duke Ellington

97. Duke Ellington

98. Notes continued II. The Jazz Age-coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald
A. Uniquely American Music
1. Jazz emerged from the South, esp. New Orleans, and Midwest
2. Jazz migrated North and West
3. Famous musicians: Louis Armstrong, Bessie Smith, Duke Ellington
B. Jazz wins worldwide popularity
1. Jazz a symbol of the 20’s, Prohibition, & speakeasies

99. Harlem Renaissance
Black intellectuals created a thriving Afro-American culture in new York’s Harlem.
Poets, artists, novelists, and musicians reach back to their African roots to demonstrate the richness of their racial heritage.
Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen, Zora Neale Hurston, Claude McKay, James Weldon Johnson
These artists inspire and encourage African Americans to remain strong in the face of racial violence.

100. Langston Hughes I, too, sing America. I am the darker brother.
They send me to eat in the kitchen
When company comes,
But I laugh,
And eat well,
And grow strong.
Tomorrow,
I'll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody'll dare
Say to me,
"Eat in the kitchen,"
Then.
Besides,
They'll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed -
I, too, am America.
Langston Hughes

101. Storyteller
Zora Neal Hurston
“I saw no curse in being black.”

102. Notes Continued
III. The Harlem Renaissance--Af. Amer. novelists, poets, artists.
A. Af. Amer. Literature blooms
1. “New Negro” = a racial break with the past
2. explored pains & 2. Writers joys of being black in America.
3. Famous writers: Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes
B. Harlem Renaissance’s lasting impact
1. Gave voice to Af. Amer. Culture
2. Altered the way both white and black viewed Af. Amer. Culture
3. Gave blacks a sense of group identify and solidarity