1. The 1 st Research Coordination Meeting Reference Database for PIGE Van de Graaff Lab in Tehran activities

2. This presentation includes: Introduction of group Research activities of group PIGE activities in Van de Graaff Lab

3. Main facility of the laboratory 3 MV Van de Graaff electrostatic accelerator producing energetic beams of H +, D +, He + up to 3 MeV for IBA analysis techniques

4. TECHNIQUEION BEAM ENERGY (MeV) REMARK PIXE and microPIXE H+H+ 1 - 3 Type and concentration of elements Z>11 Lateral map of elements RBS 4 He +, H + 1-3 Type, element concentration and depth profile Z> 4 RBS- channeling 4 He +, H + 1-3 Crystal structure, surface damaged layer, crystal interface mismatch, dopant, … ERDA 4 He+ 2-3 4 He+ are used only for the measurement of H. NRAH+, D+0.4 - 3 Type and concentration of light elements from H upwards TYPICAL ION BEAMS AND INCIDENT ENERGIES USED IN VARIOUS IBA TECHNIQUES:

5. Proton Scanning Microscopy Analysis of an Archeological Sample

6. Target VACUUM CHAMBER Si (Li) x-ray detector (for PIXE) Ge(Li)  -ray detector (for PIGE) Annular particle detector (for ERDA) Annular particle Detector (for RBS) Faraday cup COLLIMATORS Ion beam CONVENTIONAL IBA EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:

7. Experimental facilities Conventional IBA reaction chamber Proton Microprobe

8. RBS-Channeling system

9. Research activities of group via publications since 1972 The number of publications exceeds 150, categorized as follows: Fundamental Research Environmental Research Materials Science Human Health Archaeology

10. Fundamental Research AuthorsTitlesPublication S.Farrokhi, D.Moghemi, R.Nahavande, M.Pichevar, B.Delaunay Le Van de Graaff de 3 MeV du Centre Nucléaire de Téhéran Juillet-Aout,No. 172, 1972 M.R Khan, A.G Hopkins, D Crumpoton, (Aston Univ) Proton induced LX-ray cross- sections for In,Sn,Nd,Dy,Pt and Au Zeitschrift-fuer-Physik,-A(1978), Vol.288(2) Page133-137. Md.R.Khan and M.KarimiKβ/Kα Ratios in Energy dispersive X-Ray Emission X-ray Spectrometry, Vol.9,No.1,1980 F. Shokouhi, S. Fazinic, I. Bogdanovic, M. Jaksic, V. Valkovic, H. Afarideh M-Shell X-ray production Cross sections of Tb, Ho, Tm and Lu for protons of Energy 2-6 MeV Nuclear instruments and Methods in Physic Research B (1996)15- 18 A.Amirabadi, H.Afarideh,S.M.Haji-Saeid, F.Shokouhi and H.Peyrovan L subshell and total M shell x- ray production cross sections of Hg for protons of energy 0.7-2.9 MeV J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys.30(1997)863-872. M.Goudarzi, F.Shokouhi, M.Lamehi-Rachti, P.Oliaiy L-sub shell and total M-shell X-ray production cross sections of Ta, W, Pt, Au, Pb and Bi by 0.7-2.4 MeV protons Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 247 (2006) 217-222

11. PIGE activities in VDG lab Na, Mg, Al and Si excitation function through (p,p'γ) ، (p,γ) ، (p,α γ) reactions

12. PIGE activities in VDG lab Na, Mg, Al and Si excitation function through (p,p'γ), (p,γ) & (p,α γ) reactions

13. (p,p'γ) Reaction mechanisms

14. (p,γ) Reaction mechanisms

15. (p,αγ) reaction mechanisms

16. Investigation of 23 Na by PIGE

17. 23 Na and 20 Ne energy levels

18. Mg: 24 Mg 78.8%, 25 Mg 10.01%, 26 Mg 11.23 Likely nuclear reactions

19. Investigation of Mg by PIGE

20. 27 Al energy levels

21. Investigation of Al by PIGE

22. 28 Si Energy levels

23. 28 Si 92.23%, 29 Si 4.67%, 30 Si 11.23%

24. Likely nuclear reactions between proton and Si

25. 29 Si Energy levels

26. Overlap of γ-ray emission by different targets

27. Q-Values for different (p,γ) reactions

28. Employed reaction chamber

29. Experimental setup for PIGE

30. Si excitation function measurements Energy range: 1.5-2.6 MeV Charge: 40 µC Target: Al, Si, NaCl, Mg Scattering Angle: 135 degree Detector: HPGe

31. Si thick target γ-ray yield at different proton energies E p =1.5 MeV E p =2.0 MeVE p =2.5 MeV

32. γ-ray yield due to excitation levels of Si isotopes at different proton energies Eγ (kev) Ep (MeV) Y=N/40(Coun t/µc) Eγ (keV) Ep (MeV) Y Eγ (keV) Ep (MeV) Y 1014 1.50.18 1274 1.50.00 1779 1.50.05 1.60.301.60.001.60.05 1.70.351.70.001.70.08 1.80.351.80.501.80.15 1.90.391.90.501.90.15 20.5520.6320.20 2.10.582.11.102.10.20 2.20.642.21.432.20.20 2.30.652.33.032.30.68 2.40.682.45.202.40.75 2.50.692.512.652.50.78

33. γ-ray yield excitation functions due to nat Si+p reactions

34. Y(E 0 ) = ε abs (E γ ). N p. F m. F i. N av. A -1. ∫ 0 E0 σ (E) / ε ( E) dE ε abs (E γ ) absolute efficiency of the detection system E γ emitted energy N p number of incident protons f m mass fraction (concentration) A -1 inverse of the atomic mass of the element f i abundance of isotope i N av Avogadro’s number σ (E) nuclear reaction cross-section ε ( E) stopping cross-section of the sample in units of energy area per mass. γ-ray yield of a thick target bombarded by a proton beam of energy E 0 may be written as:

35. Calculated excitation yields using published resonance widths at different levels Ep (MeV)Ep (keV)dE/dxyield yield * Isotope concen.Ntotal = C×∫σ(E) × dx/dE 326.800.26780.20.010 369.9000.26004.1 3.781 370.7000.26002.72.490 371.0000.25981.81.660 415.800.25200.70.033 698.400.20980.90.040 724.0000.20640.20.148 724.2000.20640.40.397 731.000.20550.50.021 917.000.18400.50.023 1094.600.16670.20.005 1175.400.14980.30.009 1203.400.15751.10.034 1213.100.15670.10.002 1288.800.15090.20.007 1297.700.15030.90.028 1301.000.15000.70.022 1302.000.14991.50.070 1321.900.14851.60.050 1330.700.14790.20.007 1348.100.14660.10.002 1380.2000.144463.058.105 1381.0000.144416.014.757 1389.700.14382.50.078 1398.200.14323.10.096 1470.000.13860.60.026 1480.500.13803.40.105 1482.000.13782.30.071 1.51489.700.13741.40.043 542.876 1505.000.13644.40.205 1506.500.13640.10.002 1509.700.13622.50.078 1515.900.13580.60.019 1.6 1595.100.13120.3 0.009 545.170 1652.0000.12825200.04795.960 1660.200.12770.60.019 1667.200.12740.60.019 1669.0000.12734.64.243 1680.0000.12672.82.573 1686.000.12649.10.425 1.7 1694.200.12601.70.053 38012.864

36. ×10 4 Calculated Excitation Function of Si

37. Other Si excitation functions

38. γ-ray yield of Al thick target at different proton energies 1779 keV 27 Al(p, γ) 28 Si 1460 kev 40 K 1369 kev 27 Al(p,αγ) 24 Mg 1016 keV 27 Al(p,pγ) 27 Al 843 keV 27 Al(p,pγ) 27 Al

39. Measured Al excitation function

40. Calculated γ-ray yield excitation function at different energies

41. γ-ray yield of Na thick target at different proton energies E p =1.5 MeV E p =2.0 MeV E p =2.5 MeV 440 keV 23 Na(p,p'γ) 23 Na 1369 keV 23 Na(p, γ) 24 Mg 1633 keV 23 Na(p,αγ) 20 Ne 1635 keV 23 Na(p,p'γ) 23 Na

42. Measured excitation function for Na

43. Calculated Na excitation function

44. γ-ray yield of Mg thick target at different proton energies 390 kev 25 Mg(p,p'γ) 25 Mg 585 keV 25 Mg(p,p'γ) 25 Mg 844 keV 25 Mg(p,p'γ) 25 Mg 974 keV 25 Mg(p,p'γ) 25 Mg 1014 keV 25 Mg(p,p'γ) 25 Mg 1369 keV 25 Mg(p,p'γ) 25 Mg 1460 keV 40 K E p =1.5 MeV E p =2.0 MeV E p =2.5 MeV

45. Measured excitation function of Mg

46. Estimated excitation function of Mg

47. γ-ray spectrum of a typical sample

48. Thank you very much for your attention