1. Détente & New Cold War 2011

2. Détente French for “relaxation” The term is often used in reference to the general easing of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States in the 1970s, a thawing at a period roughly in the middle of the Cold War. Soviet UnionUnited StatesCold WarSoviet UnionUnited StatesCold War

3. A Temporary Thaw 1972-1980 Nixon & Mao Zedong Nixon & Brezhnev

4. Why détente in 1970s? The horrors of the Vietnam War help to bring on détente! 1972- Nixon travels to China 1972- Nixon travels to China 1979- U.S. established formal diplomatic relations with China. 1979- U.S. established formal diplomatic relations with China. 1972- Nixon is first president since the Cold War to travel to Russia. 1972- Nixon is first president since the Cold War to travel to Russia. The horrors of the Vietnam War help to bring on détente The horrors of the Vietnam War help to bring on détente

5. Cold War begin again in 1980? President Reagan calls the Soviets the “Evil Empire” for invading the country of Afghanistan. President Reagan calls the Soviets the “Evil Empire” for invading the country of Afghanistan. People of Afghanistan begin to fight against Soviet Invasion! People of Afghanistan begin to fight against Soviet Invasion! A call for Muslims throughout the world to help the Afghan’s fight against “atheists” Soviets! A call for Muslims throughout the world to help the Afghan’s fight against “atheists” Soviets!

6. New Cold War End of Détente

7. Afghan fighters? mujahideen Many Muslims from all over come to help the Afghanistan mujahideen. Many Muslims from all over come to help the Afghanistan mujahideen. Osama Bin Laden goes to Afghanistan to finance and fight with the mujahideen. Osama Bin Laden goes to Afghanistan to finance and fight with the mujahideen.

8. U.S. Involvement? CIA help the Afghanistan rebels fight the Soviets.

9. Operation Cyclone Operation Cyclone was CIA program to arm & finance the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan, 1979 to 1989. Operation Cyclone was CIA program to arm & finance the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet war in Afghanistan, 1979 to 1989. The CIA, the Mujahideen and Osama bin Laden are all on the same side of the war against the Soviets! The CIA, the Mujahideen and Osama bin Laden are all on the same side of the war against the Soviets!

10. The New Cold War begins! Reagan wants to deal with the Soviets from a position of strength Reagan wants to deal with the Soviets from a position of strength He convinces Congress to spend $100 billion in his first 5 years of office on military spending. He convinces Congress to spend $100 billion in his first 5 years of office on military spending. Reagan calls the Soviets the Reagan calls the Soviets the “Evil Empire” for invading Afghanistan.

11. Soviet Vietnam? Soviet Vietnam, large world power is defeated! Soviet Vietnam, large world power is defeated! 1988- After 8 years of brutal fighting the Soviets know they can’t win and withdraw from Afghanistan. 1988- After 8 years of brutal fighting the Soviets know they can’t win and withdraw from Afghanistan. About a 1.5 million Afghans were killed during the war About a 1.5 million Afghans were killed during the war 6 million refugees in Pakistan & Iran 6 million refugees in Pakistan & Iran

12. One factor in the collapse of Soviet Union! By the mid 1980’s, the Soviet Union began to crack…. By the mid 1980’s, the Soviet Union began to crack…. Economic problems plagued the Soviet Union as large sums continued to be spent on military and war in Afghanistan. Economic problems plagued the Soviet Union as large sums continued to be spent on military and war in Afghanistan.

13. Gorbachev’s Reforms! Berlin Wall Comes down!

14. 1989 End of the Cold War!